Rewritable Imaging on the Surface of Frozen Ionic Liquids

Rutten, Frank J. M.; Tadesse, Haregewine; Licence, Peter

doi:10.1002/anie.200700144

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…173 Therefore, ILs can be used in several vacuum techniques, including TEM, 141 XPS and SIMS. [174][175][176][177][178] Indeed, it was reported that ILs can be observed by TEM and thus the size and shape of NPs can be analysed in situ, such as with [Pt(0)] n NPs in BMIÁPF 6 in this case. 141 After this report, in situ XPS analyses of metal NPs in ILs were performed.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Metal Nps In Ilsmentioning

confidence: 94%

On the structural and surface properties of transition-metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids

2010

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Ionic liquids (ILs), in particular imidazolium-based ILs, have proven to be suitable media for the generation and stabilisation of soluble metal nanoparticles (NPs). Indeed, transition-metal NPs with small sizes, narrow size distribution and different shapes have been prepared by reduction of organometallic compounds with molecular hydrogen, decomposition of transition-metal complexes in the zero-valent state, metal bombardment or simple transfer for previously prepared water- or classical organic solvent-soluble colloids to the ILs. The formation and stabilisation of NPs in these highly hydrogen bonded organised supramolecular fluids occur with the re-organisation of the hydrogen bond network and the generation of nanostructures with polar and non-polar regions, including the NPs. The IL forms a protective layer, which is probably composed of imidazolium aggregates located immediately adjacent to the nanoparticle surface, which provides both steric and electronic protection against aggregation and/or agglomeration. These stable transition-metal NPs immobilised in the ILs have proven to be efficient green catalysts for several reactions in multiphase conditions and also novel materials for chemical sensors. In this critical review, the structural/surface properties of these soluble metal NPs dispersed in ILs and their application in catalysis and as chemical sensors are discussed, with particular attention paid to the stabilisation models proposed to explain the stability and properties of these metal NPs (219 references).

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Section: Characterisation Of Metal Nps In Ilsmentioning

confidence: 94%

On the structural and surface properties of transition-metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids

2010

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“…This feature seems to be applicable for the utilization of IL as a rewritable data-storage medium. [287] …”

Section: Analyses Under Vacuum Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

et al. 2010

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Ionic liquids (ILs) including ambient-temperature molten salts, which exist in the liquid state even at room temperature, have a long research history. However, their applications were once limited because ILs were considered as highly moisture-sensitive solvents that should be handled in a glove box. After the first synthesis of moisture-stable ILs in 1992, their unique physicochemical properties became known in all scientific fields. ILs are composed solely of ions and exhibit several specific liquid-like properties, e.g., some ILs enable dissolution of insoluble bio-related materials and the use as tailor-made lubricants in industrial applications under extreme physicochemical conditions. Hybridization of ILs and other materials provides quasi-solid materials, which can be used to fabricate highly functional devices. ILs are also used as reaction media for electrochemical and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. In addition, the negligible vapor pressure of ILs allows the fabrication of electrochemical devices that are operated under ambient conditions, and many liquid-vacuum technologies, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of liquids, electron microscopy of liquids, and sputtering and physical vapor deposition onto liquids. In this article, we review recent studies on ILs that are employed as functional advanced materials, advanced mediums for materials production, and components for preparing highly functional materials.

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“…6 Furthermore, the possibility of forming metal nanoparticles induced by electron beam irradiation was found recently 7,8 and it was demonstrated that a focused Ga + ion beam can be used for reversibly writing structures and images in frozen ILs. 9 In plasma processing as well as in material characterisation, the ionic liquids are exposed to high energy photons and electrons that can have an impact on the chemical reactions taking place or in worst case can be the cause of degradation effects in the material. Especially in some analytical methods such as photoelectron spectroscopy, [10][11][12][13][14] infrared spectroscopy, 15 Raman spectroscopy 16 or Auger electron spectroscopy, the ILs are exposed to different kinds of radiation by photons or electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of the near-surface chemical composition of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide room temperature ionic liquid under the influence of irradiation

Keppler

Himmerlich

Ikari

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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"This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively." Keppler, Angela; Himmerlich, Marcel; Ikari, Tomonori; Marschewski, Marcel; Pachomow, Evgenij; Höfft, Oliver; Maus-Friedrichs, Wolfgang; Endres, Frank; Krischok, Stefan Radiation induced degradation effects are studied for a model ionic liquid (IL) - [EMIm]Tf 2 N -in order to distinguish in which way the results of X-ray based material analysis methods can be falsified by the radiation supplied by typical X-ray sources itself. Photoelectron spectroscopy is commonly used for determining the electronic structure of ionic liquids. Degradation effects, which often occur e.g. in organic materials during X-ray or electron irradiation, are potentially critical for the interpretation of data obtained from ionic liquids. The changes of the chemical composition as well as the radiation-induced desorption of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIm]Tf 2 N) fragments are analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as quadrupole mass spectroscopy (QMS) upon exposure to monochromated or non-monochromated AlKa X-rays from typical laboratory sources. During the irradiation of [EMIm]Tf 2 N, an increasing carbon concentration is observed in both cases and especially the [Tf 2 N] À ion is strongly altered. This observation is supported by the results from the QMS analysis which revealed a variety of different IL fragments that are desorbed during X-ray irradiation. It is shown that the decomposition rate is directly linked to the photon flux on the sample and hence has to be considered when planning an XPS experiment. However, for typical experiments on this particular IL the measurements suggest that the changes are on a larger time scale as typically required for spectra acquisition, in particular if monochromated X-ray sources are used.

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Rewritable Imaging on the Surface of Frozen Ionic Liquids

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

On the structural and surface properties of transition-metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids

On the structural and surface properties of transition-metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

Changes of the near-surface chemical composition of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide room temperature ionic liquid under the influence of irradiation

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