Reward salience but not spatial attention dominates the value representation in the orbitofrontal cortex

Zhang, Wenyi; Xie, Yang; Yang, Tianming

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34084-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Our results are also more in accord with other work showing that fluctuations of covert attention are translated into alternations between encoding one of two presented offers as a function of time, surprisingly independent of gaze (Rich & Wallis, 2016). Recent work where attention is decoupled from stimulus saliency shows that value encoding of well-known offers in single-neuron OFC is independent of attentional shifts (Zhang et al, 2022). It is possible that in this study overtraining makes simpler the encoding of value and thus gaze and attention can be decoupled.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gaze-centered gating and reactivation of value encoding in orbitofrontal cortex

Ferro

Cash-Padgett

Zhe-Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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During economic choice, we often consider options in alternation, until we commit to one. Nonetheless, neuroeconomics typically ignores the dynamic aspects of deliberation. We trained macaques to perform a value-based decision-making task where two risky offers were presented in sequence at different locations of the visual field, each followed by a delay epoch where offers were invisible. Subjects look at the offers in sequence, as expected. Surprisingly, during the delay epochs, the empty locations where the visual offers were formerly presented are looked at; and longer fixation to an empty location increases the probability of choosing the associated offer, even after controlling for the offer values. We show that activity in orbitofrontal (OFC) cortex reflects the value of the offer that is gazed, but also when its empty location is gazed. In particular, the value of the first offer is reactivated when animals gaze to its empty location in the last delay epoch. This reactivation reflects reevaluation, as activity fluctuations correlate with choice. Our results suggest that look-at-nothing gazing triggers the reactivation of a previously seen offer for further reevaluation, revealing novel aspects of deliberation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gaze-centered gating and reactivation of value encoding in orbitofrontal cortex

Ferro

Cash-Padgett

Zhe-Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Increased activity in the visual cortex and hippocampus in ASD youth suggests a reliance on visual and memory‐related processes to interpret sensory input devoid of a social context. Additionally, greater activity in the insular cortex and amygdala, which play an important role in salience detection, attention, and interpretation of sensory inputs (Menon & Uddin, 2010; Šimić et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2022), supports our hypothesis that youth with ASD may attribute greater significance to nonsocial rather than social aversive stimuli. In contrast, the TD group showed greater neural activation in response to socially relevant compared with nonsocial stimuli in regions related to emotional and cognitive processing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Sensory over‐responsivity and atypical neural responses to socially relevant stimuli in autism

Than,

Patterson,

Cummings

et al. 2024

Autism Research

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Although aversive responses to sensory stimuli are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it remains unknown whether the social relevance of aversive sensory inputs affects their processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural responses to mildly aversive nonsocial and social sensory stimuli as well as how sensory over‐responsivity (SOR) severity relates to these responses. Participants included 21 ASD and 25 typically‐developing (TD) youth, aged 8.6–18.0 years. Results showed that TD youth exhibited significant neural discrimination of socially relevant versus irrelevant aversive sensory stimuli, particularly in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), regions that are crucial for sensory and social processing. In contrast, ASD youth showed reduced neural discrimination of social versus nonsocial stimuli in the amygdala and OFC, as well as overall greater neural responses to nonsocial compared with social stimuli. Moreover, higher SOR in ASD was associated with heightened responses in sensory‐motor regions to socially‐relevant stimuli. These findings further our understanding of the relationship between sensory and social processing in ASD, suggesting limited attention to the social relevance compared with aversiveness level of sensory input in ASD versus TD youth, particularly in ASD youth with higher SOR.

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“…Precuneus and IPL are key nodes of the (posterior) default mode network and implicated in internally generated or top-down attention and critical regions for spatial attention [39][40][41][42] . It is postulated that attention from these top-down sources competes with bottom-up sources using (reward) salience (i.e., insula, ACC, OFC) to affect decision making 43 . Prior studies show that the engagement of similar top-down attention neurocircuitry slows down the search for salient targets 44 , and our ndings imply that resilience is hampered by the engagement of regions within the top-down attention or default mode network to reward or threat cues, but bene ts from attention to reward salience and regulatory control of higher order brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the r factor for post-trauma resilience and its neural predictors

van Rooij,

Santos,

Hinojosa

et al. 2024

Nat. Mental Health

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Resilience is a dynamic process of recovery after trauma, but in most studies it is conceptualized as the absence of speci c psychopathology following trauma. Using the large emergency department AURORA study (n=1,865, 63% women), we took a longitudinal, dynamic and transdiagnostic approach to de ne a static resilience (r) factor, that could explain >50% of variance in mental wellbeing 6-months following trauma, and a dynamic r-factor, which represented recovery from initial symptoms. We assessed its neurobiological pro le across threat, inhibition, and reward processes using fMRI collected 2-weeks post-trauma. Our neuroimaging results suggest that resilience is promoted by activation of higher-level cognitive functioning and salience network regions in response to reward, whereas resilience is hampered by top-down attention and default mode network activation to threat and reward. These ndings serve to rede ne the concept of resilience as both dynamic and multifaceted, and identify mechanisms that promote resilience after trauma for early interventions.

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Reward salience but not spatial attention dominates the value representation in the orbitofrontal cortex

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Gaze-centered gating and reactivation of value encoding in orbitofrontal cortex

Gaze-centered gating and reactivation of value encoding in orbitofrontal cortex

Sensory over‐responsivity and atypical neural responses to socially relevant stimuli in autism

Defining the r factor for post-trauma resilience and its neural predictors

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