Reward Processing and Risk for Depression Across Development

Luking, Katherine R.; Pagliaccio, David; Luby, Joan L.; Deanna, M

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.04.002

Cited by 161 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…A promising pathophysiological mechanism in depression is that of sensitivity to losses and rewards, with some studies showing either reduced reactivity to rewards (1), or increased reactivity to losses (2, 3), or reduced reactivity to rewards and losses (4). Importantly, studies show that these alterations in reward reactivity are evident in children and adolescents at high risk for developing depression (5, 6) and prospectively predict worsening of depression symptoms (7–9). However, research on neural correlates of loss or reward sensitivity in adolescent depression is limited in that it has focused almost exclusively on reward sensitivity as well as striatal mechanisms that support it (1, 5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, studies show that these alterations in reward reactivity are evident in children and adolescents at high risk for developing depression (5, 6) and prospectively predict worsening of depression symptoms (7–9). However, research on neural correlates of loss or reward sensitivity in adolescent depression is limited in that it has focused almost exclusively on reward sensitivity as well as striatal mechanisms that support it (1, 5). In contrast, the role of loss sensitivity and its contribution to future depression remains poorly understood (10, 11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the role of loss sensitivity and its contribution to future depression remains poorly understood (10, 11). This is a critical gap in the literature because loss sensitivity varies across development (11), contributes significantly to decision-making, perhaps more strongly than reward sensitivity (12), and is strongly linked to anxiety and mood disorders (5, 13, 14). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Familial history of depression is one of the most important risk factors for depression and it is associated with altered reward sensitivity in adolescents (5, 6, 37). However, few studies have explored whether abnormalities in OFC functioning interacts with vulnerability imposed by familial history of depression to predict future depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity and Connectivity Predict Future Depression Symptoms in Adolescence

Jin

Narayanan

Luking

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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Background Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide; however, little is known about pathological mechanisms involved in its development. Research in adolescent depression has focused on reward sensitivity and striatal mechanisms implementing it. The contribution of loss sensitivity to future depression, as well as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) mechanisms critical for processing losses and rewards, remain unexplored. Furthermore, it is unclear whether OFC functioning interacts with familial history in predicting future depression. Methods In this longitudinal study we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while 229 adolescent females with or without parental history of depression completed a monetary gambling task. We examined if OFC blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response and functional connectivity during loss and win feedback was associated with depression symptoms concurrently and prospectively (9 months later), and whether this relationship was moderated by parental history of depression. Results Reduced OFC response during loss was associated with higher depression symptoms concurrently and prospectively, even after controlling for concurrent depression, specifically in adolescents with parental history of depression. Similarly, increased OFC-posterior insula connectivity during loss was associated with future depression symptoms but this relationship was not moderated by parental history of depression. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence for loss-related alterations in OFC functioning and its interaction with familial history of depression as possible mechanisms in the development of depression. While the current fMRI literature has mainly focused on reward, the present findings underscore the need to include prefrontal loss processing in existing developmental models of depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity and Connectivity Predict Future Depression Symptoms in Adolescence

Jin

Narayanan

Luking

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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“…12–15 Further, blunted reward responding may be an important predictor of risk for the development of depression in adolescence. 16–19 As such, blunted reward responding may also be an important treatment target for children even earlier in development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Reward Processing in Depressed and Healthy Preschool-Age Children

Belden

Irvin

Hajcak

et al. 2016

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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109

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Objective Adults and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) show a blunted neural response to rewards. Depression has been validated in children as young as age 3; however, it remains unclear whether blunted response to reward is also a core feature of preschool-onset depression. If so, this would provide further validation for the continuity of the neural correlates of depression across the life span and would identify a potential target for treatment in young children. Method Fifty-three 4–7-year-old children with depression and 25 psychiatrically healthy 4–7-year-old children completed a simple guessing task in which points could be won or lost on each trial while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Psychiatric diagnosis was established using a preschool version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Depression. Results Young children with depression showed a reduced differentiation between response to gains and losses, and this finding was driven by a blunted response to reward (i.e., the reward positivity [RewP]). These findings held even when controlling for co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. The RewP did not vary as a function of depression severity within the group with depression. Conclusion Similar to adults and adolescents with depression, preschoolers with depression display reductions in responsivity to rewards as indexed by the RewP. These findings provide further evidence for continuity in the neural mechanisms associated with depression across the lifespan, and point to altered reward sensitivity as an early-emerging potential target for intervention in preschool-onset depression. Clinical trial registration information A Randomized Controlled Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02076425.

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Striatal Activity to Reward Anticipation as a Moderator of the Association Between Early Behavioral Inhibition and Changes in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms From Adolescence to Adulthood

et al. 2022

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ImportanceThe early childhood temperament of behavioral inhibition (BI), characterized by inhibited and fearful behaviors, has been associated with heightened risk for anxiety and depression across the lifespan. Although several neurocognitive correlates underlying vulnerability to the development of anxiety among inhibited children have been identified, little is known about the neurocognitive correlates underlying vulnerability to the development of depression.ObjectiveTo examine whether blunted striatal activation to reward anticipation, a well-documented neurocognitive vulnerability marker of depression, moderates the association between early BI and the developmental changes in depression and anxiety from adolescence to adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsParticipants in this prospective longitudinal study were recruited at age 4 months between 1989 and 1993 in the US. Follow-up assessments extended into 2018 (age 26 years). Data were analyzed between September 2021 to March 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBI was measured through an observation paradigm in infancy (ages 14 and 24 months). Neural activity to anticipated rewards during a monetary incentive delay task was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in adolescence (between ages 15-18 years; 83 individuals had usable data). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were self-reported across adolescence to young adulthood (ages 15 and 26 years; n = 108). A latent change score model, accounting for the interdependence between anxiety and depression, tested the moderating role of striatal activity to reward anticipation in the association between early BI and changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms. A region of interest approach limited statistical tests to regions within the striatum (ie, nucleus accumbens, caudate head, caudate body, putamen).ResultsOf 165 participants, 84 (50.1%) were female and 162 (98%) were White. Preliminary analyses revealed significant increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms across ages 15 to 26 years, as well as individual variation in the magnitude of changes. Main analyses showed that reduced activity in the nucleus accumbens to reward anticipation moderated the association between early BI and increases in depressive (β = −0.32; b = −4.23; 95% CI, −7.70 to −0.76; P = .02), and more depressive symptoms at age 26 years (β = −0.47; b = −5.09; 95% CI, −7.74 to −2.43; P &lt; .001). However, there were no significant interactions associated with latent changes in anxiety across age nor anxiety at age 26 years. Activity in the caudate and putamen did not moderate these associations.Conclusions and RelevanceBlunted reward sensitivity in the ventral striatum may be a developmental risk factor connecting an inhibited childhood temperament and depression over the transition to adulthood. Future studies should examine the efficacy of prevention programs, which target maladaptive reward processing and motivational deficits among anxious youths, in reducing risks for later depression.

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Reward Processing and Risk for Depression Across Development

Cited by 161 publications

References 95 publications

Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity and Connectivity Predict Future Depression Symptoms in Adolescence

Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity and Connectivity Predict Future Depression Symptoms in Adolescence

Neural Correlates of Reward Processing in Depressed and Healthy Preschool-Age Children

Striatal Activity to Reward Anticipation as a Moderator of the Association Between Early Behavioral Inhibition and Changes in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms From Adolescence to Adulthood

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