Reward: From Basic Reinforcers to Anticipation of Social Cues

Rademacher, Lena; Schulte‐Rüther, Martin; Hanewald, Bernd; Lammertz, Sarah E.

doi:10.1007/7854_2015_429

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Moreover, a newer reward system recently reported within neurophysiology may help explain the current study findings (Schultz, ). According to functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, when a rewarding experience occurs in the absence of any direct benefit of a behavior, it is assumed that there is intrinsic motivation value (Liu, Hairston, Schrier, & Fan, ; Rademacher, Schulte‐Ruther, Hanewald, & Lammertz, ). The human brain perceives sensory and visual inputs collectively as intrinsic reward through reward retina (Schultz, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Link Between Medical Students' Motivation for Academic Work and Time Engaged in Physical Exercise

Aung

Somboonwong

Jaroonvanichkul

et al. 2016

Mind Brain and Education

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Physical exercise results in an active well‐being. It is likely that students' engagement in physical exercise keeps them motivated to perform academic endeavors. This study aimed to assess the relation of time engaged in physical exercise with medical students' motivation for academic work. Prospectively, 296 second‐year medical students self‐administered Vallerand's Academic Motivation Scale. The frequency of exercise per week and the duration per time were multiplied to compute a weekly physical exercise engagement time. Multivariable regression model treated the intrinsic motivation construct as the dependent variable, adjusting relevant covariates such as sleeping time, sitting time, screen time, and vegetable intake. The level of intrinsic motivation was positively related to the student's physical exercise time per week (β 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.42–1.26, p‐value < 0.001). Thus, generating conditions in which students can engage in physical exercise may contribute to fostering their intrinsic motivation for academic work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Link Between Medical Students' Motivation for Academic Work and Time Engaged in Physical Exercise

Aung

Somboonwong

Jaroonvanichkul

et al. 2016

Mind Brain and Education

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“…Sign-tracking to food and drug-related cues requires DA signaling in the NAc , Saunders et al, 2013. Because the NAc encodes reward and motivation for social cues in an analogous manner to food-and drug-related cues, it is highly likely that sign-tracking to social cues-like drug-and food-related cues-is DAdependent in the NAc (Rademacher et al, 2017). In addition, DA signaling in the NAc encodes and is sufficient to regulate social behavior (Gunaydin et al, 2014), suggesting that individual 1 4 differences in NAc DA signaling may underlie differences in social behavior observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in the attribution of incentive salience to social cues

Fitzpatrick

Morrow

2019

Preprint

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Research on the attribution of incentive salience to drug cues has furthered our understanding of drug self-administration in animals as well as drug relapse and craving in humans. The influence of peers and other social cues on drug-seeking has garnered more attention recently, but few studies have investigated the ability of social cues to gain incentivemotivational value. In the present study, a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure was used to identify rats that are more (sign-trackers) or less (goal-trackers) prone to attribute incentive salience to food reward cues. A novel procedure then employed social 'peers' to compare the tendency of sign-trackers and goal-trackers to attribute incentive salience to social reward cues.Social behavior of sign-trackers and goal-trackers was also compared using social interaction and choice tests. Finally, basal levels of plasma oxytocin were measured in sign-trackers and goaltrackers, because oxytocin is known to modulate the mesolimbic reward system and social behavior. Compared to goal-trackers, sign-trackers attributed more incentive salience to social cues and exhibited more prosocial behaviors. No group differences were observed in baseline plasma oxytocin levels. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate a concordance of individual variation in social behavior, the attribution of incentive salience to social cues following peer interaction, and attribution of incentive salience to food cues. This general tendency to attribute motivational value to reward cues has important implications for the pathophysiology of addiction and other disorders of reward learning.

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“…Furthermore, engaging in affiliative, aggressive, sexual or novelty-seeking social interactions involves rewarding and motivational effects in animals. There is evidence of dopaminergic system involvement in regulation of social behaviors, most likely due to the rewarding properties of social activity (Rodriguiz et al 2004;Gunaydin et al 2014;Rademacher et al 2015;McHenry et al 2017). Gunaydin et al (2014) found increased dopaminergic activity in the ventral tegmental area in mice engaging in social interaction and optogenetic stimulation of dopamine neurons in this specific brain region was sufficient to increase social interaction (Gunaydin et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen and oxytocin involvement in social preference in male mice: a study using a novel long‐term social preference paradigm with aromatase, estrogen receptor‐α and estrogen receptor‐β, oxytocin, and oxytocin receptor knockout male mice

Tsuda

Nagata

Sagoshi

et al. 2018

Integrative Zoology

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Certain aspects of social behavior help animals make adaptive decisions during encounters with other animals. When mice choose to approach another conspecific, the motivation and preference behind the interaction is not well understood. Estrogen and oxytocin are known to influence a wide array of social behaviors, including social motivation and social preference. The present study investigated the effects of estrogen and oxytocin on social preference using aromatase (ArKO), estrogen receptor (ER) α (αERKO), ERβ (βERKO), oxytocin (OTKO), oxytocin receptor (OTRKO) knockout and their respective wild-type (WT) male mice. Mice were presented with gonadally-intact versus castrated male (IC), intact male versus ovariectomized female (IF), or intact male versus empty cage (IE) stimuli sets for 5 days. ArWT showed no preference for either stimuli in IC and IF and intact male preference in IE, but ArKO mice preferred a castrated male or an ovariectomized female, or had no preference for either stimulus in IC, IF and IE stimuli sets, respectively, suggesting reduced intact male preference. α and β WT mice preferred a castrated male, showed no preference, and preferred an intact male in IC, IF and IE, respectively. αERKO mice displayed similar modified social preference patterns as ArKO, whereas the social preference of βERKO mice remained similar to βWT. OTWT preferred a castrated male whereas OTKO, OTRWT and OTRKO mice failed to show any preference in IC and none showed preference for either stimuli in IF. Collectively, these findings suggest that estrogen regulates social preference in male mice and that impaired social preference in oxytocin-deficient mice may be due to severe deficits in social recognition.

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Reward: From Basic Reinforcers to Anticipation of Social Cues

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

Possible Link Between Medical Students' Motivation for Academic Work and Time Engaged in Physical Exercise

Possible Link Between Medical Students' Motivation for Academic Work and Time Engaged in Physical Exercise

Individual variation in the attribution of incentive salience to social cues

Estrogen and oxytocin involvement in social preference in male mice: a study using a novel long‐term social preference paradigm with aromatase, estrogen receptor‐α and estrogen receptor‐β, oxytocin, and oxytocin receptor knockout male mice

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