Reward and non-reward learning of flower colours in the butterfly Byasa alcinous (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Kandori, Ikuo; Yamaki, Takafumi

doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0952-y

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In particular, we could show that encountering high reward enhanced the attraction of the associated floral traits (Waser , Cohen and Shmida , Menzel , Heil ). This positively affected constancy to model flowers and lowered the number of switches to reference flowers, as was also found in experimental work (Heinrich et al , Gigord et al , Internicola et al , Kandori and Yamaki ). While positive association had a significant role in shaping the outcome of our model, we could also identify the unique role of negative experience.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The existence and usage of a learning process based on negative experiences was already demonstrated in various animal species (Papaj et al , Dicke et al ) among them many pollinator taxa, such as honey bees (Srinivasan et al , Horridge , Vergoz et al ), bumblebees (Simonds and Plowright ), euglossine bees (Romero and Nelson ), hawkmoths (Blackiston et al ) and butterflies (Rodrigues et al ). The additional association of disappointments with floral signals is expected to significantly increase foraging efficiency and save pollinators both time and energy (Kandori and Yamaki ). To fully incorporate these ideas into the learning algorithm, pollinator's preference was divided artificially into positive (P P ) and negative (P N ) preferences (Qu et al ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of plant and pollinator traits on the maintenance of a food deceptive species within a plant community

Seifan²,

Seifan

2017

Oikos

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Model–mimic plant systems are well known. However, the conditions promoting the existence of such systems are still an enigma. We suggest that by focusing on floral similarity between model and mimic, reward levels offered by models, and pollinators’ ability to adjust foraging accordingly, the conditions can be better understood. Using spatially‐explicit modelling, we examined trait combinations that lead to the survival of deceptive species under a large range of mimic strategies, from Batesian mimicry to general food deception. Unlike previous models studying such systems, we examined model–mimic interactions in the presence of a third, dissimilar species, thus generating a more realistic scenario where pollinators may avoid the model–mimic system altogether. Results showed that overall survival and abundance of species in food deceptive systems depend on the relative reward provided by the participating species and the potential alternatives available. Specifically, the success of a mimic in a Batesian mimicry system depends on high levels of reward provided by its model species relative to potential alternatives in the flower community. On the other hand, the success of a mimic in a general food deception system was higher when the reward offered was lower. Our study suggests that the ability of pollinators to utilize their experience as part of decision‐making is highly relevant in promoting mimic survival, thus shedding light on the conditions under which food deception is expected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of plant and pollinator traits on the maintenance of a food deceptive species within a plant community

Seifan²,

Seifan

2017

Oikos

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“…Indeed, compared to negative rewards such as saline solution (e.g., Rodrigues et al 2010a;Rodrigues 2015) or neutral stimuli (Kandori and Yamaki 2012), sucrose-only might be equally stimulating as sucrose and PAs for some Danaus species such as D. erippus and D. plexippus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals vary behaviorally in their responses to environmental cues (see Dingemanse and Wolf 2013). For example, females of the butterfly Byasa alcinous (Papilionidae) learn to associate colors with rewards faster than do males (Kandori and Yamaki 2012). Additionally, when foraging on artificial flowers with nectar guides, Abbreviations in bold denote the color associated with sucrose plus PA experienced individuals of Pieris rapae crucivora (Pieridae) are less prone to make mistakes compared to naïve ones (Kandori and Ohsaki 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Monarchs do not Develop Learned Preferences for Flowers With Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

2015

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Danaus butterflies sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from nectar and leaves of various plant species for defense and reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that the southern monarch butterfly Danaus erippus shows innate preferences for certain flower colors and has the capacity to develop learned preferences for artificial flowers presenting advantageous floral rewards such as PAs. We predicted that orange and yellow flowers would be innately preferred by southern monarchs. Another prediction is that flowers with both sucrose and PAs would be preferred over those having sucrose only, regardless of flower color. In nature, males of Danaus generally visit PA sources more often than females, so we expected that males of D. erippus would exhibit a stronger learned preference for PA sources than the females. In the innate preference tests, adults were offered artificial non-rewarding yellow, orange, blue, red, green, and violet flowers. Orange and yellow artificial flowers were most visited by southern monarchs, followed by blue and red ones. No individual visited either green or violet flowers. For assessing learned preferences for PA flowers over flowers with no PAs, southern monarchs were trained to associate orange flowers with sucrose plus the PA monocrotaline vs. yellow flowers with sucrose only; the opposite combination was used to train another set of butterflies. In the tests, empty flowers were offered to trained butterflies. Neither males nor females showed learned preferences for flower colors associated with PAs in the training set. Thus, southern monarchs resemble the sister species Danaus plexippus in their innate preferences for orange and yellow flowers. Southern monarchs, similarly to temperate monarchs, might not be as PA-demanding as are other danaine species.

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“…Testing pollinators in a comparative approach, with similar methods and stimuli (e.g. Kandori et al 2009;Kandori and Yamaki 2012), can be useful for gaining further insights into the adaptiveness and mechanisms underlying spontaneous colour preferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial patterns in a tropical social wasp correlate with colony membership

Baracchi

Turillazzi

Chittka

2016

Sci Nat

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The spontaneous occurrence of colour preferences without learning has been demonstrated in several insect species; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate spontaneous and learned colour preferences in foraging bees of two tropical and one temperate species. We hypothesised that tropical bees utilise different sets of plants and therefore might differ in their spontaneous colour preferences. We tested colour-naive bees and foragers from colonies that had been enclosed in large flight cages for a long time. Bees were shortly trained with triplets of neutral, UV-grey stimuli placed randomly at eight locations on a black training disk to induce foraging motivation. During unrewarded tests, the bees' responses to eight colours were video-recorded. Bees explored all colours and displayed an overall preference for colours dominated by long or short wavelengths, rather than a single colour stimulus. Naive Apis cerana and Bombus terrestris showed similar choices. Both inspected long-wavelength stimuli more than short-wavelength stimuli, whilst responses of the tropical stingless bee Tetragonula iridipennis differed, suggesting that resource partitioning could be a determinant of spontaneous colour preferences. Reward on an unsaturated yellow colour shifted the bees' preference curves as predicted, which is in line with previous findings that brief colour experience overrides the expression of spontaneous preferences. We conclude that rather than determining foraging behaviour in inflexible ways, spontaneous colour preferences vary depending on experimental settings and reflect potential biases in mechanisms of learning and decision-making in pollinating insects.

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Reward and non-reward learning of flower colours in the butterfly Byasa alcinous (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of plant and pollinator traits on the maintenance of a food deceptive species within a plant community

Effects of plant and pollinator traits on the maintenance of a food deceptive species within a plant community

Southern Monarchs do not Develop Learned Preferences for Flowers With Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Facial patterns in a tropical social wasp correlate with colony membership

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