Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals

Cho, Youngsun; Moujaes, Flora; Schleifer, Charles; Starc, Martina; Ji, Jie Lisa; Santamauro, Nicole; Adkinson, Brendan; Kolobaric, Antonija; Flynn, Morgan; Krystal, John H.; Murray, John D.; Repovš, Grega; Antičević, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119139

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…SAHAKIAN, GAYET, PAFFEN, AND VAN DER STIGCHEL 8 with higher rewards or punishments (Cho et al, 2022;Klyszejko et al, 2014;van den Berg & Ma, 2018) or higher probability to be probed (Gorgoraptis et al, 2011;Yoo et al, 2018). At first sight, this body of literature might seem at odds with the findings of the present study, as we show that items are not memorized better when errors are punished harder.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…As we mentioned in the previous paragraph and the introductory paragraph, there is quite some literature showing that VWM performance is better when observers are incentivized to perform better. Increased performance has been found for items that are associated with higher rewards or punishments (Cho et al, 2022; Klyszejko et al, 2014; van den Berg & Ma, 2018) or higher probability to be probed (Gorgoraptis et al, 2011; Yoo et al, 2018). At first sight, this body of literature might seem at odds with the findings of the present study, as we show that items are not memorized better when errors are punished harder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, visual information is memorized better if it is more likely to be probed (Gorgoraptis et al, 2011; Klyszejko et al, 2014). Likewise, studies have shown that visual information which is associated with higher rewards receives more cognitive resources and is memorized better (Cho et al, 2022; Klyszejko et al, 2014; van den Berg & Ma, 2018; but see van den Berg et al, 2023). Thus, the consequences of actions that are based on VWM content (e.g., correctly reporting the memorized item) seem to influence how well information is memorized or recalled.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action consequences guide the use of visual working memory.

Sahakian,

Gayet,

Paffen

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Visual working memory (VWM) is a store for temporary maintenance of visual information. It is often disregarded, though, that information is typically stored to enable actions. Therefore, the context of these actions is of great importance for how VWM is used. Here, we questioned whether the severity of the consequence of an action might affect how well information is memorized, and how cautiously it is utilized. We employed an (online) copying task, in which participants reproduced an example display comprised of six items in a grid, using a pool of items. Crucially, we manipulated the severity of penalties: participants had to wait 5 (high) or 0.5 (low error cost) s after an error. Additionally, we manipulated the accessibility of taskrelevant information (a well-studied manipulation in this paradigm): participants had to wait 5 (high) or 0.5 (low sampling cost) s to inspect the example. Our results show that with higher error cost the number of inspections remained comparable, but the number of errors decreased. Furthermore, they show that with higher sampling cost the number of inspections halved, and the number of errors increased. Thus, more severe action consequences increase the reluctance to act on uncertain information in VWM, but do not lead to more attempts to store information in VWM. We conclude that, in contrast to the effect of the accessibility of information, action consequences do not affect how well information is memorized, but affect how cautiously this stored information is utilized.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action consequences guide the use of visual working memory.

Sahakian,

Gayet,

Paffen

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Gary [36] reported that approach state improved verbal working memory and impaired spatial working memory, while withdrawal state enhanced the spatial tasks and disrupted verbal tasks. However, another study suggested both approach and withdrawal states enhanced spatial working memory performance [37]. Recent research conducted by Yüvrük et al [21] compared the effects of the motivational dimension and valence dimension on working memory under the control of arousal dimension and reported motivational dimension was more effective in explaining the effect of emotion on working memory speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoidance-motivational intensity modulated the effect of negative emotion on working memory

Hou¹,

Xie²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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Although many studies have explored the association between negative emotion and working memory, the findings remain controversial. The present study investigated the role of avoidance-motivational intensity in modulating the effect of negative emotion on different processes (maintenance versus manipulation) of verbal and spatial working memory. Two experiments employed the modified delayed match-to-sample paradigms to separate the two processes of verbal and spatial working memory under different emotional states, respectively. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to perform the delayed match-to-sample task with or without reordering the characters (manipulation process of verbal working memory). In Experiment 2, mental rotation was used as the manipulation process of spatial working memory. The results showed that negative emotion only affected the manipulation process, but not the maintenance process. Relative to neutral and low avoidance-motivated negative conditions, the manipulation processes of both types of working memory were impaired under the high avoidance-motivated negative condition. No significant difference was observed between low avoidance-motivated negative condition and neutral condition. Our results are discussed in relation to efficiency processing theory and motivational dimensional model of affect. We conclude that negative emotional states with high avoidance-motivational intensity impair the manipulation process of verbal and spatial working memory.

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Transcranial alternating current stimulation barely enhances working memory in healthy adults: A meta-analysis

Chuderski,

Chinta

2024

Brain Research

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Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals

Cited by 7 publications

References 142 publications

Action consequences guide the use of visual working memory.

Action consequences guide the use of visual working memory.

Avoidance-motivational intensity modulated the effect of negative emotion on working memory

Transcranial alternating current stimulation barely enhances working memory in healthy adults: A meta-analysis

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