Revolution and World Order

Abstract

This study examines the impact of revolutionary states upon international society. These states have always posed major problems for the achievement of world order: revolution is often accompanied by international as well as civil conflict, while revolutionary doctrines have proven to be highly disruptive of the existing structure of international politics. Conversely, the prevailing international order presents fundamental difficulties for some revolutionary states. The belief system on which its revolution was founded and which legitimized the assumption of state power by the revolutionary elite is certain to run counter to the prevailing political doctrines of many other states. David Armstrong asks whether revolutionary states are ‘socialized’ into adopting acceptable patterns of international behaviour, or whether it is the international society that is forced to change when these new states appear. He looks in detail at the French, American, and Russian revolutions and at several post‐1945 revolutionary states. He also examines the relationship between revolutionary states and the principal ordering devices of an international society: international law, diplomacy, and the balance of power. His book is a significant contribution to the ‘English School’ literature, whose central concept is that of an international society. It shows how the interaction between revolutionary states and the established norms, rules, and institutions of international society works to produce change in both the revolutionary state and international society itself. As such it elucidates the dynamic aspects of international society.

Infrared repair brazing of 403 stainless steel with a nickel-based braze alloy

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Review of Discourse Components of Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East

“…The existence of this government was caused by the impossibility of denial of the dispute and inequality in different domains of the world (Griffiths, 1999). The revolutionary government in these theories is the government that searches collapse of this system through imposing fundamental criticisms on fundamental principles of the current system and takes hostile actions against other countries in this way intentionally and based on an internal revolution (Armstrong, 1993).…”

The concept of practice in the English School

“…Where these repertoires come from, and how they are learnt, is not without interest. David Armstrong has identified some of the sources of 'state socialization' in his treatment of the taming of the Chinese revolution (Armstrong, 1993); and we know that the failure of the revolution in Germany forced the nascent Soviet Union to reinstate the old imperial diplomatic service. Barbara Roberson has exposed the role of legal transplants in spreading categories of rule and in implanting diplomatic standards abroad, critical in the expansion of international society (Roberson, 2009); and the British Council has understood the potential social and political role of the university department in training Eastern Europe's new corps of diplomats in Western habits of diplomatic practice.…”