Revolução nos cuidados cirúrgicos: explorando os componentes essenciais dos programas de recuperação melhorados após a cirurgia

Abstract

Background: Surgical care has evolved significantly over the years, with the introduction of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs emerging as a transformative approach. This literature review delves into the essential elements of ERAS, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its impact on perioperative care and patient outcomes. Main Body: The preoperative phase of ERAS involves meticulous patient preparation, encompassing strategies such as preoperative counseling, carbohydrate loading, and minimizing bowel preparation. These components collectively contribute to reducing preoperative anxiety, enhancing nutritional status, and mitigating the adverse effects of fasting, ultimately facilitating a smoother transition to surgery. Intraoperative considerations within ERAS focus on techniques that minimize surgical stress, optimize fluid management, and implement pain control protocols. These critical interventions help to reduce surgical complications, accelerate postoperative recovery, and lessen the duration of hospital stays. The postoperative phase is a cornerstone of ERAS, emphasizing early mobilization, optimized nutrition, and multimodal pain management. By incorporating these elements, ERAS programs aim to expedite recovery, decrease the risk of complications, and enhance patient satisfaction. However, despite the evident benefits, implementing ERAS programs in clinical practice is not without challenges. This review discusses the barriers to ERAS adoption, including resistance to change, resource allocation, and the need for multidisciplinary collaboration. Conclusion: Thence, ERAS represents a revolution in surgical care, offering a holistic approach to enhance patient outcomes, reduce complications, and shorten hospital stays. By exploring the key components of ERAS, this literature review provides valuable insights into the potential for widespread adoption and the imperative need to overcome implementation barriers. Ultimately, ERAS holds the promise of revolutionizing the future of surgical care, redefining standards, and improving the overall quality of patient experiences.