REVISITING WITH<i>CHANDRA</i>THE SCALING RELATIONS OF THE X-RAY EMISSION COMPONENTS (BINARIES, NUCLEI, AND HOT GAS) OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

Boroson, Bram; Kim, Dong Woo; Fabbiano, G.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/729/1/12

Cited by 192 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…The subsample of galaxies with publicly available archival Chandra X-ray ACIS-I or ACIS-S observations is additionally highlighted with open green squares. T X,gas,tot f X,gas,tot L X,gas,tot c tot 2 (dof) within the X-ray observation (e.g., Boroson et al 2011;Bogdán et al 2012aBogdán et al , 2012bKim & Fabbiano 2015). 9 In several cases, the diffuse emission associated with the galaxy, group, and/or cluster filled a significant fraction of the ACIS chip and hence prevented a direct extraction of the background photons from the on-source chip.…”

Section: Spectral Extractionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Indeed, observations of M31 and M32 have resolved the full population of LMXBs to provide a more complete view of the expected contributions to the total X-ray emission from the unresolved stellar systems (e.g., Gilfanov 2004;Boroson et al 2011). To remove a significant fraction of the X-ray emission due to those LMXBs that are resolved as point sources (typically 5-10 per galaxy) within our data, we use the CIAO tool wavdetect to detect and subsequently mask these stellar systems.…”

Section: Data Reduction and Point-source Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, we include a photoelectric absorption component fixed to the Galactic column density (N H ) along the line of sight to each source. In XSPEC language our adopted model is given as phabs×(apec+bremss+pow+ [phabs×pow]) (e.g., Boroson et al 2011;Kim & Fabbiano 2015). During spectral fitting, we limit the fitted energy range to E = 0.3-7 keV, which is typical for Chandra ACIS observations.…”

Section: Spectral Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, successive generations of X-ray telescopes with improved sensitivity, larger effective areas, and superior spatial resolution are now beginning to allow a more in-depth study of the hotgas component in unprecedented detail, which in turn sheds new light on the formation history of galaxies. Using the excellent angular resolution of the Chandra X-ray telescope, studies are directly detecting and isolating the X-ray emission from stellar processes such as the low-mass X-ray binary population that have plagued the previous generation of X-ray telescopes, particularly in the low stellar mass regime (e.g., Sivakoff et al 2004;Boroson et al 2011;Lehmer et al 2014), as well as exploring the X-ray halos in early-type galaxies as a function of cosmic time (e.g., Lehmer et al 2007;Civano et al 2014;Paggi et al 2015) and probing the thermal gas content (e.g., Diehl & Statler 2007;Jeltema et al 2008;Memola et al 2009;Bogdán et al 2012aBogdán et al , 2012bKim & Fabbiano 2013Su et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Massive Survey. Iv. The X-Ray Halos of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies in the Nearby Universe

Goulding

Greene

et al. 2016

ApJ

110

156

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Studies of the physical properties of local elliptical galaxies are shedding new light on galaxy formation. Here we present the hot-gas properties of 33 early-type systems within the MASSIVE galaxy survey that have archival Chandra X-ray observations, and we use these data to derive X-ray luminosities (L X,gas ) and plasma temperatures (T gas ) for the diffuse gas components. We combine this with the ATLAS 3D survey to investigate the X-ray-optical properties of a statistically significant sample of early-type galaxies across a wide range of environments. When X-ray measurements are performed consistently in apertures set by the galaxy stellar content, we deduce that all early types (independent of galaxy mass, environment, and rotational support) follow a universal scaling law such that µL T X,gas gas 4.5 . We further demonstrate that the scatter in L X,gas around both K-band luminosity (L K ) and the galaxy stellar velocity dispersion (s e ) is primarily driven by T gas , with no clear trends with halo mass, radio power, or angular momentum of the stars. It is not trivial to tie the gas origin directly to either stellar mass or galaxy potential. Indeed, our data require a steeper relation between L L , K X,gas , and s e than predicted by standard mass-loss models. Finally, we find that T gas is set by the galaxy potential inside the optical effective radius. We conclude that within the innermost 10-30 kpc region, early types maintain pressure-supported hot gas, with a minimum T gas set by the virial temperature, but the majority show evidence for additional heating.

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Section: Spectral Extractionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Data Reduction and Point-source Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spectral Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Massive Survey. Iv. The X-Ray Halos of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies in the Nearby Universe

Goulding

Greene

et al. 2016

ApJ

110

156

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, in quiescent (morphologically elliptical/S0) galaxies, longer-lived (1 Gyr) low-mass stars trace the total stellar mass accumulated over a galaxy's lifetime. Such stars may be LMXB donors, which explains the observed correlations between an early-type galaxy's X-ray luminosity and total stellar mass, M * (e.g., Fabbiano & Shapley 2002;Gilfanov 2004;Kim et al 2004;Lehmer et al 2010;Boroson et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring X-Ray Binary Populations in Compact Group Galaxies With Chandra

Tzanavaris

Hornschemeier²,

Gallagher

et al. 2016

ApJ

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We obtain total galaxy X-ray luminosities, L X , originating from individually detected point sources in a sample of 47 galaxies in 15 compact groups of galaxies (CGs). For the great majority of our galaxies, we find that the detected point sources most likely are local to their associated galaxy, and are thus extragalactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) or nuclear active galactic nuclei (AGNs). For spiral and irregular galaxies, we find that, after accounting for AGNs and nuclear sources, most CG galaxies are either within the ±1σ scatter of the Mineo et al. L X -star formation rate (SFR) correlation or have higher L X than predicted by this correlation for their SFR. We discuss how these "excesses" may be due to low metallicities and high interaction levels. For elliptical and S0 galaxies, after accounting for AGNs and nuclear sources, most CG galaxies are consistent with the Boroson et al. L X -stellar mass correlation for low-mass XRBs, with larger scatter, likely due to residual effects such as AGN activity or hot gas. Assuming non-nuclear sources are low-or high-mass XRBs, we use appropriate XRB luminosity functions to estimate the probability that stochastic effects can lead to such extreme L X values. We find that, although stochastic effects do not in general appear to be important, for some galaxies there is a significant probability that high L X values can be observed due to strong XRB variability.

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An X‐ray view of the hot circum‐galactic medium

2020

Astron Nachr

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The hot circum‐galactic medium (CGM) represents the hot gas distributed beyond the stellar content of the galaxies while typically within their dark matter halos. It serves as a depository of energy and metal‐enriched materials from galactic feedback and a reservoir from which the galaxy acquires fuels to form stars. It thus plays a critical role in the coevolution of galaxies and their environments. X‐rays are one of the best ways to trace the hot CGM. I will briefly review what we have learned about the hot CGM based on X‐ray observations over the past two decades, and what we still do not know. I will also briefly prospect what may be the foreseeable breakthrough in the next one or two decades with future X‐ray missions.

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REVISITING WITHCHANDRATHE SCALING RELATIONS OF THE X-RAY EMISSION COMPONENTS (BINARIES, NUCLEI, AND HOT GAS) OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

Cited by 192 publications

References 98 publications

The Massive Survey. Iv. The X-Ray Halos of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies in the Nearby Universe

The Massive Survey. Iv. The X-Ray Halos of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies in the Nearby Universe

Exploring X-Ray Binary Populations in Compact Group Galaxies With Chandra

An X‐ray view of the hot circum‐galactic medium

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