Revisiting Wireless Internet Connectivity: 5G vs Wi-Fi 6

Oughton, Edward J.; Lehr, William; Κατσαρός, Κωνσταντίνος; Selinis, Ioannis; Bubley, Dean; Kusuma, Julius

doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102127

Cited by 123 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Firstly, the Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) in mobile markets has either remained static or been in decline in most countries, falling by approximately 1% annually [51]. This is troubling for MNOs who are likely to experience little in the way of new revenue from 5G but are simultaneously being pressured by governments to make large infrastructure investments that deliver on the three main use cases of Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (uRLLC) and Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) [52]. Secondly, the 5G regulatory burden being placed on MNOs is considerable, with significant resources allocated to purchasing spectrum licenses, which could leave little available capital for expansion to less viable locations [53].…”

Section: Why 5g Policy Matters To Engineersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supportive 5G Infrastructure Policies are Essential for Universal 6G: Assessment Using an Open-Source Techno-Economic Simulation Model Utilizing Remote Sensing

Oughton

Jha²

2021

IEEE Access

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Work has now begun on the sixth generation of cellular technologies ('6G') and cost-efficient global broadband coverage is already becoming a key pillar. Indeed, we are still far from providing universal and affordable broadband connectivity, despite this being a key part of the Sustainable Development Goals (Target 9.c). Currently, both Mobile Network Operators and governments still lack independent analysis of the strategies that can help achieve this target with the cellular technologies available (4G and 5G). Therefore, this paper undertakes a quantitative assessment demonstrating how current 5G policies affect universal broadband, drawing conclusions over how decisions made now affect future evolution to 6G. Using a method based on an open-source techno-economic codebase, combining remote sensing with least-cost network algorithms, performance analytics are provided for different 4G and 5G universal broadband strategies. As an example, the assessment approach is applied to India, the world's second-largest mobile market and a country with very high spectrum prices. The results demonstrate the trade-offs between technological decisions. This includes demonstrating how important current infrastructure policy is, particularly given fiber backhaul will be essential for delivering 6G quality of service. We find that by eliminating the spectrum licensing costs, 100% 5G population coverage can viably be achieved using fiber backhaul. Therefore, supportive infrastructure policies are essential in providing a superior foundation for evolution to future cellular generation, such as 6G.

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Section: Why 5g Policy Matters To Engineersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supportive 5G Infrastructure Policies are Essential for Universal 6G: Assessment Using an Open-Source Techno-Economic Simulation Model Utilizing Remote Sensing

Oughton

Jha²

2021

IEEE Access

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“…In this sense, two conditions need to be met, given in (2). It is to be said that a compound polygon appears if the first condition is fulfilled, but the second one is not.…”

Section: Regular N-polytopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fog deployments are ever growing thanks to the rise of new wireless communication standards allowing for faster transmissions, such as cellular 5G or Wi-Fi 6 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Multidimensional Geometry to Basic Data Centre Designs

Roig

Alcaraz

Gilly

et al. 2021

IJECER

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Fog computing deployments are catching up by the day due to their advantages on latency and bandwidth compared to cloud implementations. Furthermore, the number of required hosts is usually far smaller, and so are the amount of switches needed to make the interconnections among them. In this paper, an approach based on multidimensional geometry is proposed for building up basic switching architectures for Data Centres, in a way that the most common convex regular N-polytopes are first introduced, where N is treated in an incremental manner in order to reach a generic high-dimensional N, and in turn, those resulting shapes are associated with their corresponding switching topologies. This way, N-simplex is related to a full mesh pattern, N-orthoplex is linked to a quasi full mesh structure and N-hypercube is referred to as a certain type of partial mesh layout. In each of those three contexts, a model is to be built up, where switches are first identified, afterwards, their downlink ports leading to the end hosts are exposed, along with those host identifiers, as well as their uplink ports leading to their neighboring switches, and eventually, a pseudocode algorithm is designed, exposing how a packet coming in from any given port of a switch is to be forwarded through the proper outgoing port on its way to the destination host by using the appropriate arithmetic expressions in each particular case. Therefore, all those algorithmic models represent how their corresponding switches may work when dealing with user data traffic within a Data Centre, guiding it towards its destination.

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“…The Systematic Review objective is to identify and analyze the 5G systems available in Rural Areas without double quotes [13], each keyword separated by white space. This search phase did by three phases of searching.…”

Section: Parameter and Search Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 5g Rural, Remote, and Difficult Areas Hope: A Review

Sihombing

2021

teknokom

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The 5G cellular networks are “urban” areas technology in nature, extensively deployed where the user’s density is high to provide very high data rates, coupled with extremely low delays and dealing with very high mobility of users. On the contrary, one-third of people experience a lack of mobile broadband connectivity living in rural zones. These mobile broadband lacks recognized as the main barriers impairing the Sustainable Developing Goals (SDGs) defined by the United Nations. Those that are not currently covered will be unlikely to be covered also soon, as the network operators are not keen to invest in such zones, because of potentially low revenues. While it is confirmed that 5G would meet stringent requirements in urban zones, rural areas still suffer from almost inexistent MBB (Mobile Broadband) coverage, especially in the developing world. The big deal of isolated rural areas, which are sparsely inhabited by low-income populations, is that the classical access using traditional backhaul technologies is a bad solution for operators since it does not ensure a good ROI (Return of Investment).

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Revisiting Wireless Internet Connectivity: 5G vs Wi-Fi 6

Cited by 123 publications

References 51 publications

Supportive 5G Infrastructure Policies are Essential for Universal 6G: Assessment Using an Open-Source Techno-Economic Simulation Model Utilizing Remote Sensing

Supportive 5G Infrastructure Policies are Essential for Universal 6G: Assessment Using an Open-Source Techno-Economic Simulation Model Utilizing Remote Sensing

Applying Multidimensional Geometry to Basic Data Centre Designs

A 5g Rural, Remote, and Difficult Areas Hope: A Review

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