Revisiting visual dysfunctions in schizophrenia from the retina to the cortical cells: A manifestation of defective neurodevelopment

Gagné, Anne-Marie; Hébert, Marc; Maziade, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.007

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Abnormalities of the visual system can be seen in schizophrenia (5, 6). In electrophysiologic studies, various ERG anomalies have been detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several morphologic and functional abnormalities of the visual system were reported from retina to the brain cortex in several studies (5, 6). The retina develops from the same tissue (neuroectoderm) as the brain, and is the only part of the central nervous system that can be seen with the naked eye in its natural state in living organisms (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement in Patients with Schizophrenia

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et al. 2015

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Abnormalities of the visual system can be seen in schizophrenia (5, 6). In electrophysiologic studies, various ERG anomalies have been detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement in Patients with Schizophrenia

Yılmaz

Küçük

Ülgen

et al. 2015

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…In conclusion, the visual anomalies in schizophrenia might contribute to alterations in the visual circuitry associated with neurodevelopmental defects during the embryonic period. Herein, the visual circuitry has been proposed as a research tool for biological mechanisms of information processing deficits in schizophrenia [70,71]. …”

Section: Schizophrenia From the Viewpoint Of A Neural Circuitrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Bio-Psychosocial-Behavioral Treatment Model in Schizophrenia

Kim

Choi

Park

2017

IJMS

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Despite the substantial burden of illness in schizophrenia, there has been a discrepancy between the beneficial effects of an increased use of antipsychotic medications and achieving limited recovery or remission. Because the focus of the most common antipsychotic medications is on dopamine, which is associated with positive symptoms, there is an unmet need for patients with negative symptoms. Since cognitive and negative symptoms rather than positive symptoms are more closely associated with psychosocial impairments in patients with schizophrenia, the non-dopaminergic systems including glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of the prefrontal cortex should be of concern as well. The balance of excitation and inhibition has been associated with epigenetic modifications and thus can be analyzed in terms of a neurodevelopmental and neural circuitry perspective. Hence, a novel bio-psychosocial-behavioral model for the treatment of schizophrenia is needed to account for the non-dopaminergic systems involved in schizophrenia, rather than dopaminergic mechanisms. This model can be understood from the viewpoint of neurodevelopment and neural circuitry and should include the staging care, personalized care, preventive care, reducing the cognitive deficits, and reducing stigma. Thomas R. Insel proposed this as a goal for schizophrenia treatment to be achieved by 2030.

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“…RGCs form the retinal nerve that projects for the most part to the visual cortex to generate vision. 43 The association between early visual processing in the retina and cognitive performance in schizophrenia may be close. 42 Changes in the senior visual nerve of the brain may be related to problems with incoming primary visual processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Among Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Huang³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Background Studies have suggested retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) involvement in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Additionally, research has shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) potentially contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate VEGF, RNFL, and correlations with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients. Methods Patients with schizophrenia (n = 138) were compared to healthy controls (n = 160). RNFLs were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The Stroop color and word test (SCWT) was used to evaluate neurocognition. Blood samples were collected to measure VEGF. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform analysis of covariance, t-tests, partial correlation analysis, and linear regression. Results Thinner RNFLs were found in schizophrenia patients ( p < 0.001). RNFL showed a significant correlation with SCWT scores (all p < 0.05). Serum level of VEGF was lower in patients with schizophrenia ( p = 0.010). Total and inferior RNFL thicknesses of right eyes were positively correlated to VEGF level (RNFL total thickness p = 0.032, inferior thickness p = 0.014).Total RNFL thicknesses were shown to be reduced following a prolonged duration of illness (both p < 0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have degeneration with RNFL thickness following illness duration, which may contribute to neurocognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia. VEGF is speculated to play some important role on RNFL degeneration with schizophrenia patients.

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Revisiting visual dysfunctions in schizophrenia from the retina to the cortical cells: A manifestation of defective neurodevelopment

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement in Patients with Schizophrenia

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness Measurement in Patients with Schizophrenia

A Novel Bio-Psychosocial-Behavioral Treatment Model in Schizophrenia

Relationships Among Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia

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