Revisiting tolerance to ocean acidification: Insights from a new framework combining physiological and molecular tipping points of Pacific oyster

Lutier, Mathieu; Poi, Carole Di; Gazeau, Frédéric; Appolis, Alexis; Luyer, Jérémy Le

doi:10.1111/gcb.16101

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In comparison, tissue growth is altered only by the OA effect on bioenergetics, which explains why the effect on shell may be observed before the effect on soft tissues. Nevertheless, at a longer time scale, soft tissues can be expected to be also affected by OA as described for C. gigas [87] and Spisula solidissima [20].…”

Section: Plos Climatementioning

confidence: 89%

Juvenile Atlantic sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, energetic response to increased carbon dioxide and temperature changes

Pousse

Poach²,

Redman³

et al. 2023

PLOS Clim

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This study assessed the energy budget for juvenile Atlantic Sea Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, during a natural drop in temperature (15.6°C to 5.8°C) over an 8-week time period during the fall at three different enrichment levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Every 2 weeks, individuals were sampled for ecophysiological measurements of feeding activity, respiration rate (RR) and excretion rate (ER) to enable the calculation of scope for growth (SFG) and atomic oxygen:nitrogen ratios (O:N). In addition, 36 individuals per treatment were removed for shell height, dry tissue weight (DTW) and dry shell weight (DSW). We found a significant decrease in feeding rates as CO2 increased. Those rates also were significantly affected by temperature, with highest feeding at 9.4°C. No significant CO2 effect was observed for catabolic energy processes (RR and ER); however, these rates did increase significantly with temperature. The O:N ratio was not significantly affected by CO2, but was significantly affected by temperature. There was a significant interaction between CO2 and temperature for ER and the O:N ratio, with low CO2 levels resulting in a U-shaped response that was not sustained as CO2 levels increased. This suggests that the independent effects of CO2 and temperature observed at low levels are different once a CO2 threshold is reached. Additionally, there were significant differences in growth estimators (shell height and DSW), with the best growth occurring at the lowest CO2 level. In contrast to temperature variations that induced a trade-off response in energy acquisition and expenditure, results from this research support the hypothesis that sea scallops have a limited ability to alter physiological processes to compensate for increasing CO2.

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Section: Plos Climatementioning

confidence: 89%

Juvenile Atlantic sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, energetic response to increased carbon dioxide and temperature changes

Pousse

Poach²,

Redman³

et al. 2023

PLOS Clim

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“…Lutier et al (2022) found a relationship between pH level and feeding in the Pacific oyster and identified a tipping point of a pH of 6.9 [ 71 ]. It is important to consider a more extreme pH level may lessen the impact of increased food on resilience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Food Resources Help Eastern Oyster Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Coastal Acidification

Schwaner

Barbosa

Schwemmer

et al. 2023

Animals

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Oceanic absorption of atmospheric CO2 results in alterations of carbonate chemistry, a process coined ocean acidification (OA). The economically and ecologically important eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is vulnerable to these changes because low pH hampers CaCO3 precipitation needed for shell formation. Organisms have a range of physiological mechanisms to cope with altered carbonate chemistry; however, these processes can be energetically expensive and necessitate energy reallocation. Here, the hypothesis that resilience to low pH is related to energy resources was tested. In laboratory experiments, oysters were reared or maintained at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (1300 ppm) pCO2 levels during larval and adult stages, respectively, before the effect of acidification on metabolism was evaluated. Results showed that oysters exposed to elevated pCO2 had significantly greater respiration. Subsequent experiments evaluated if food abundance influences oyster response to elevated pCO2. Under high food and elevated pCO2 conditions, oysters had less mortality and grew larger, suggesting that food can offset adverse impacts of elevated pCO2, while low food exacerbates the negative effects. Results also demonstrated that OA induced an increase in oyster ability to select their food particles, likely representing an adaptive strategy to enhance energy gains. While oysters appeared to have mechanisms conferring resilience to elevated pCO2, these came at the cost of depleting energy stores, which can limit the available energy for other physiological processes. Taken together, these results show that resilience to OA is at least partially dependent on energy availability, and oysters can enhance their tolerance to adverse conditions under optimal feeding regimes.

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“…In particular, sessile bivalves must cope with the surrounding environmental conditions and therefore be able to respond and recover adequately from suboptimal conditions. Recently, we have shown that C. gigas juveniles are tolerant of a wide range of acidification levels, exhibiting a growth tipping point as low as pH 7.1 [29]. Here, we decipher the plasticity of oysters' growth when they return to ambient pH conditions and assess both the persistence of effects and their capacity for compensatory growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expected that (1) the weight differences below the tipping point would gradually fade after returning to ambient pH showing signs of compensatory growth (figure 1 a ), or that (2) weight differences would increase indicating persistent growth retardation (figure 1 b ). Theoretical models corresponding to these hypotheses were constructed from the data of [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific oysters do not compensate growth retardation following extreme acidification events

Lutier

Poi

2023

Biol. Lett.

Self Cite

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Ocean acidification caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions alters the growth of marine calcifiers. Although the immediate effects of acidification from global ocean models have been well studied on calcifiers, their recovery capacity over a wide range of pH has never been evaluated. This aspect is crucial because acidification events that arise in coastal areas can far exceed global ocean predictions. However, such acidification events could occur transiently, allowing for recovery periods during which the effects on growth would be compensated, maintained or amplified. Here we evaluated the recovery capacity of a model calcifier, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . We exposed juveniles to 15 pH conditions between 6.4 and 7.8 for 14 days. Oyster growth was retarded below pH 7.1 while shells were corroded at pH 6.5. We then placed the oysters under ambient pH > 7.8 for 42 days. Growth retardation persisted at pH levels below pH 7.1 even after the stress was removed. However, despite persistent retardation, growth has resumed rapidly suggesting that the oysters can recover from extreme acidification. Yet we found that the differences in individual weight between pH conditions below 7.1 increased over time, and thus the growth retardation cannot be compensated and may affect the fitness of the bivalves.

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Revisiting tolerance to ocean acidification: Insights from a new framework combining physiological and molecular tipping points of Pacific oyster

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Juvenile Atlantic sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, energetic response to increased carbon dioxide and temperature changes

Juvenile Atlantic sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, energetic response to increased carbon dioxide and temperature changes

Increased Food Resources Help Eastern Oyster Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Coastal Acidification

Pacific oysters do not compensate growth retardation following extreme acidification events

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