Revisiting the valence stability and preparation of perovskite structure type oxides ABO₃ with the use of Madelung electrostatic potential energy and lattice site potential

Abstract

The stability of perovskite structure type oxides and higth valence state of cations, respectively may be better understood by considering lattice site potential and Madelung electrostatic potential energy.

Robust and Flexible Piezoelectric Lead-Free Zn-BCZT/PVDF-HFP Nanogenerators for Wearable Energy Harvesting

“…PENGs have shown promise for converting mechanical energy into electricity through the ferroelectric effect. Piezoelectric nanogenerators include numerous advantages, such as their high electrical output, mechanical stability, durability, cost-effectiveness, and simple construction method. , Several PENG prototypes have been developed in the literature based on the use of conventional ceramics or ferroelectric inorganic materials and organic materials such as piezoelectric polymers. , Over the past century, the most widely used perovskite, having the general formula ABO 3 , is lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which has a high piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 = 200–1000 pC/N) . Recently, Gao et al in 2018 created a PNN–PZT (0.55Pb (Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 –0.135 PbZrO 3 –0.315PbTiO 3 ) ceramic with an incredibly high coupling coefficient of 1753 pC/N, which is far higher than typical PZT ceramics.…”

“…Hence, according to Parangusan et al, as the concentration of the Co-doped ZnO nanofiller in the PVDF-HFP matrix increased, it was found that the amount of the crystalline phase of PVDF-HFP increased as well. In this work, PVDF-HFP was explored to realize thin film nanocomposites due to its high energy density, elasticity, flexibility, and biocompatibility. , …”

“…9,10 Several PENG prototypes have been developed in the literature based on the use of conventional ceramics or ferroelectric inorganic materials and organic materials such as piezoelectric polymers. 9,10 Over the past century, the most widely used perovskite, having the general formula ABO 3 , 13 is lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which has a high piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 = 200−1000 pC/N). 14 Recently, Gao et al in 2018 15 created a PNN−PZT (0.55Pb (Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 −0.135 PbZrO 3 −0.315PbTiO 3 ) ceramic with an incredibly high coupling coefficient of 1753 pC/N, which is far higher than typical PZT ceramics.…”

“…In this work, PVDF-HFP was explored to realize thin film nanocomposites due to its high energy density, elasticity, flexibility, and biocompatibility. 13,14 The present research consists of developing flexible nanogenerators based on PVDF-HFP polymer composites using Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.10 Ti 0.90 O 3 (BCZT/PVDF-HFP) and 0.08 wt % Zn-doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.10 Ti 0.90 O 3 (Zn-BCZT/PVDF-HFP), which were made using an environmentally friendly sol−gel process. The effect of doping zinc on the performance of PVDF-HFP piezoelectric composites has been deeply investigated.…”

Eu3+ Site Distribution and Local Distortion of Photoluminescent Ca3WO6:(Eu3+, K+) Double Perovskites as High‐Color‐Purity Red Phosphors

“…Rietveld analysis revealed that oxygen vacancies were also adopted to maintain the charge balance of the unit cell because the K + ions were easily volatilized at higher temperatures during the synthesis process; correspondingly, oxygen could be removed from the perovskite‐type crystal owing to the low oxygen‐site potential. [ 37 ] Nevertheless, the Rietveld results demonstrated that lattice parameters with lower R factors were obtained by considering the Eu 3+ distribution to the A and B sites and including the experimentally acquired cation composition and oxygen vacancies in the hypothesis. As mentioned above, in the Rietveld refinement, the Ca 3‐2x Eu x K x WO 6 samples were modeled as monoclinic structures with space group P 2 1 / c (No.…”