Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids

Κατσαρού, Κωνσταντίνα; Adkar-Purushothama, Charith Raj; Tassios, Emilios; Samiotaki, Martina; Andronis, Christos; Lisón, Purificación; Nikolaou, Christoforos; Perreault, Jean‐Pierre; Kalantidis, Kriton

doi:10.3390/cells11020265

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…They are composed of non-coding, single-stranded, circular RNA (246–491 nt) of low molecular weight without a protein or lipid membrane [ 1 ]. The mechanism of systemic infection consists of hijacking the machinery of the host cell by interacting with cellular factors to achieve replication [ 2 ]. The proposed pathogenesis mechanisms may be regulated by the direct interaction between viroid genomic RNA, or its replication intermediates, and the host genome [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Transcriptional Reprogramming in Tomato Response to PSTVd Variants Using Network Approaches

Aviña-Padilla

Zambada-Moreno

Herrera-Oropeza

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Viroids are the smallest pathogens of angiosperms, consisting of non-coding RNAs that cause severe diseases in agronomic crops. Symptoms associated with viroid infection are linked to developmental alterations due to genetic regulation. To understand the global mechanisms of host viroid response, we implemented network approaches to identify master transcription regulators and their differentially expressed targets in tomato infected with mild and severe variants of PSTVd. Our approach integrates root and leaf transcriptomic data, gene regulatory network analysis, and identification of affected biological processes. Our results reveal that specific bHLH, MYB, and ERF transcription factors regulate genes involved in molecular mechanisms underlying critical signaling pathways. Functional enrichment of regulons shows that bHLH-MTRs are linked to metabolism and plant defense, while MYB-MTRs are involved in signaling and hormone-related processes. Strikingly, a member of the bHLH-TF family has a specific potential role as a microprotein involved in the post-translational regulation of hormone signaling events. We found that ERF-MTRs are characteristic of severe symptoms, while ZNF-TF, tf3a-TF, BZIP-TFs, and NAC-TF act as unique MTRs. Altogether, our results lay a foundation for further research on the PSTVd and host genome interaction, providing evidence for identifying potential key genes that influence symptom development in tomato plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Transcriptional Reprogramming in Tomato Response to PSTVd Variants Using Network Approaches

Aviña-Padilla

Zambada-Moreno

Herrera-Oropeza

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…This has been supported by the discovery of open reading frames (ORFs) within some viroid genomes, and the association of HSVd and eggplant latent viroid (ELVd) with translational machinery in planta [ 132 ]. PSTVd has also been revealed to associate with ribosomes in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana [ 133 ]. Despite this association, peptides produced by PSTVd were not found in those hosts.…”

Section: Viroid–host Transcriptomics In Context and Avenues For Futur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics Advancement in the Complex Response of Plants to Viroid Infection

Joubert

Berg

Theron

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Viroids are the smallest plant pathogens, consisting of a single-stranded circular RNA of less than 500 ribonucleotides in length. Despite their noncoding nature, viroids elicit disease symptoms in many economically important plant hosts, and are, thus, a class of pathogens of great interest. How these viroids establish disease within host plants, however, is not yet fully understood. Recent transcriptomic studies have revealed that viroid infection influences the expression of genes in several pathways and processes in plants, including defence responses, phytohormone signalling, cell wall modification, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, transport, gene expression and protein modification. There is much debate about whether affected pathways signify a plant response to viroid infection, or are associated with the appearance of disease symptoms in these interactions. In this review, we consolidate the findings of viroid–host transcriptome studies to provide an overview of trends observed in the data. When considered together, changes in the gene expression of different hosts upon viroid infection reveal commonalities and differences in diverse interactions. Here, we discuss whether trends in host gene expression can be correlated to plant defence or disease development during viroid infection, and highlight avenues for future research in this field.

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“…Categorized as subviral infectious agents, their whole structure is constituted of only one single-stranded RNA molecule, with covalently bound ends forming a circle [ 2 , 3 ]. Viroid “genomes” do not code for any gene [ 4 ], and thus are lacking any of their own protein or lipid components. Despite this fact, these infectious RNA molecules can still have a significant impact on overall plant physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hop Stunt Viroid Diversity in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Slovakia: Coexistence of Two Particular Genetic Groups

et al. 2023

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The hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is a widespread subviral pathogen infecting a broad spectrum of plant hosts including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Despite its omnipresence in virtually all grapevine growing areas around the world, molecular data characterizing HSVd populations are missing from Slovakia. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of 19 grapevine variants revealed the existence of two genetic HSVd groups in Slovakia (internally named the “6A” and “7A” groups based on the particular stretch of adenines at nucleotide positions 39–44/45, respectively). Despite their sampling at different times in various unrelated vineyards, the 6A and 7A groups are characterized by low intra-group divergence (~0.3 and 0.2%, respectively). On the other hand, inter-group divergence reached 2.2% due to several mutations, seven of which were found to be group-specific and mainly (except for one) located in the region of the pathogenic domain. Interestingly, in addition to their frequent co-existence within the same geographical location, the mixed infection of the 6A and 7A type sequence variants was also unequivocally and repeatedly proven within single grapevine plants. The RNA secondary structure analysis of representative isolates from each of these two genetic groups indicated a potential compensatory explanation of such mutations. These group-specific sites could be pointing towards the evolutionary selection linked to the necessity of the viroid to retain its structural conformational integrity, crucial for its functional biochemical ability to interact with specific grapevine cellular host factors required for HSVd propagation.

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Revisiting the Non-Coding Nature of Pospiviroids

Cited by 15 publications

References 76 publications

Insights into the Transcriptional Reprogramming in Tomato Response to PSTVd Variants Using Network Approaches

Insights into the Transcriptional Reprogramming in Tomato Response to PSTVd Variants Using Network Approaches

Transcriptomics Advancement in the Complex Response of Plants to Viroid Infection

Analysis of Hop Stunt Viroid Diversity in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Slovakia: Coexistence of Two Particular Genetic Groups

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