Revisiting the links between economic inequality and political violence: The role of social mobilization

Abstract

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Youth, violence, and sustaining peace

“…But insecure households may also choose to either leave their communities or resist against armed groups in order to ensure peace in their communities (Kaplan 2017). This would be the case of communities with high levels of social cooperation (Justino 2017(Justino , 2018b(Justino , 2019(Justino , 2022b. We measure the effect of this variable among Afghanistan youth using the following question: 'How do you rate the security situation in this district?'.…”

Wartime governance and state-building trajectories in post-conflict societies

“…This relationship is formally theorized in Gáfaro et al (2022), who show how the strength of civic society in the aftermath of violent conflict is shaped by political or economic alliances between armed groups and civilian populations during wartime. The strength of community collective action and social cohesion is also in turn a key determinant of the type and depth of governance systems implemented by armed groups locally (Breslawski 2021;Rubin 2019), and within-community social and economic structures (Justino 2006(Justino , 2022. Some armed groups engaged in the use of wartime governance often attempt to rule and govern over local populations through the capture of existing civic organizations or the establishment of new ones (Kaplan 2017;Wood 2008).…”

The social consequences of organized crime in Italy

“…The effect of organized crime on social capital is, however, theoretically ambiguous. Although almost no studies exist on the social consequences of organized crime, literature on other determinants of social capital suggests that organized crime may erode the social fabric of local communities by crowding-out the effectiveness of state institutions and the rule of law (Alesina et al 2019) and by reducing social cooperation and social coordination required for effective collective action (Aghajanian et al 2020;Justino 2022). Similarly to the effects of other forms of violence, organized crime may also increase mistrust and social distance between community members who may not know who is involved with organized crime groups or whether the group is relying on informants to control the community (Kalyvas 2006).…”