Revisiting the governance-growth nexus: Evidence from the world’s largest economies

Azimi, Mohammad Naim

doi:10.1080/23322039.2022.2043589

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These indicators encompass voice and accountability, the rule of law, government effectiveness, political stability, control of corruption, and regulatory quality, each presented on a percentile scale ranging from 0 (indicative of imperfection) to 1 (indicative of perfection). The adoption of WGI indicators as governance measures enjoys widespread international acceptance and has been extensively used in scholarly works 97 , 98 . For AIQ , all indicators are augmented, whereas for PII , EII , and GII , we classify the indicators based on their inherent nature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

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Air pollution poses a persuasive threat to global health, demonstrating widespread detrimental effects on populations worldwide. Exposure to pollutants, notably particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm (PM2.5), has been unequivocally linked to a spectrum of adverse health outcomes. A nuanced understanding of the relationship between them is crucial for implementing effective policies. This study employs a comprehensive investigation, utilizing the extended health production function framework alongside the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) technique, to scrutinize the interplay between air pollution and health outcomes. Focusing on a panel of the top twenty polluted nations from 2000 to 2021, the findings yield substantial insights. Notably, PM2.5 concentration emerges as a significant factor, correlating with a reduction in life expectancy by 3.69 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.294%. Urbanization is found to increase life expectancy by 0.083 years while concurrently decreasing infant mortality rates by 0.00022%. An increase in real per capita gross domestic product corresponds with an improvement in life expectancy by 0.21 years and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.00065%. Similarly, an elevated school enrollment rate is associated with a rise in life expectancy by 0.17 years and a decline in infant mortality rates by 0.00032%. However, a higher population growth rate is found to modestly decrease life expectancy by 0.019 years and slightly elevate infant mortality rates by 0.000016%. The analysis reveals that per capita greenhouse gas emissions exert a negative impact, diminishing life expectancy by 0.486 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00061%, while per capita energy consumption marginally reduces life expectancy by 0.026 years and increases infant mortality rates by 0.00004%. Additionally, economic volatility shock presents a notable decrement in life expectancy by 0.041 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.000045%, with inflationary shock further exacerbating adverse health outcomes by lowering life expectancy by 0.70 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00025%. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the role of institutional quality, revealing a constructive impact on health outcomes. Specifically, the institutional quality index is associated with an increase in life expectancy by 0.66% and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.0006%. Extending the analysis to examine the nuanced dimensions of institutional quality, the findings discern that economic institutions wield a notably stronger positive influence on health outcomes compared to political and institutional governance indices. Finally, the results underscore the pivotal moderating role of institutional quality in mitigating the deleterious impact of PM2.5 concentration on health outcomes, counterbalancing the influence of external shocks, and improving the relationships between explanatory variables and health outcome indicators. These findings offer critical insights for guiding evidence-based policy implications, with a focus on fostering resilient, sustainable, and health-conscious societies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

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“…Despite controlling for the income inequality proxied by Gini index, the study also controls for the effects of institutional quality proxied by the rule of law. It is widely documented that the rule of law is an appropriate proxy for institutional quality when analyzing the effects of CFII on growth [ 62 ]. Finally, population growth rate is also used to control its effects on economic growth.…”

Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth: A global perspective

Azimi

2022

PLoS ONE

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Financial inclusion is critical to inclusive growth, proffering policy solutions to eradicate the barriers that exclude individuals from financial markets. This study explores the effects of financial inclusion on economic growth in a global perspective with a large number of panels classified by income and regional levels from 2002–2020. The analysis begins with the development of a comprehensive composite financial inclusion index comprised of penetration, availability, and usage of financial services and the estimation of heterogeneous panel data models augmented with well-known variables. The results obtained from the panel cointegration test support a long-run relationship between economic growth, financial inclusion, and the control variables in the full panel, income-level, and regional-level economies. Furthermore, the study employs a GMM (generalized method of moment) approach using System-GMM estimators to examine the effects of financial inclusion and the control predictors on economic growth. The results of the GMM model clearly indicate that financial inclusion has a significantly positive impact on economic growth across all panels, implying that financial inclusion is an effective tool in fostering rapid economic growth in the world. Finally, the study delves into the causality relationship between the predictors and provides statistical evidence of bidirectional causality between economic growth and financial inclusion, whereas it only supports unidirectional causality relationships from credit to the private sector, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, the rule of law, school enrollment ratio, and trade openness with no feedback causality. Moreover, the study fails to provide causality evidence from the age dependency ratio and population to economic growth.

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Revisiting the governance-growth nexus: Evidence from the world’s largest economies

Cited by 2 publications

References 61 publications

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

New insights into the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth: A global perspective

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