Revisiting polarized light microscopy for fiber-fiber bond area measurement - Part II: Proving the applicability

Kappel, Lisbeth; Hirn, Ulrich; Bauer, Wolfgang; Gilli, Eduard; Schennach, Robert

doi:10.3183/npprj-2010-25-01-p071-075

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…To explain the spread of data, we have to consider the large variation in fibre-fibre bonded area. Kappel et al44 measured bonded areas by microtomy and optical microscopy that range from 500 to 3000 μm 2 . Comparison of the optically determined bonded area with the AFM image reconstruction demonstrated a 10% larger bonded area for the optical determination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What holds paper together: Nanometre scale exploration of bonding between paper fibres

Schmied

Teichert

Kappel

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Paper, a man-made material that has been used for hundreds of years, is a network of natural cellulosic fibres. To a large extent, it is the strength of bonding between these individual fibres that controls the strength of paper. Using atomic force microscopy, we explore here the mechanical properties of individual fibre-fibre bonds on the nanometre scale. A single fibre-fibre bond is loaded with a calibrated cantilever statically and dynamically until the bond breaks. Besides the calculation of the total energy input, time dependent processes such as creep and relaxation are studied. Through the nanometre scale investigation of the formerly bonded area, we show that fibrils or fibril bundles play a crucial role in fibre-fibre bonding because they act as bridging elements. With this knowledge, new fabrication routes can be deduced to increase the strength of an ancient product that is in fact an overlooked high-tech material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What holds paper together: Nanometre scale exploration of bonding between paper fibres

Schmied

Teichert

Kappel

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…A detailed description of the PLM method used in the present study is given in Kappel et al (2010). In the currently presented results, the measurements of OBA were performed without dying the lower fibre.…”

Section: Optically Bonded Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of individual hardwood fibres and fibre to fibre joints

et al. 2016

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In the present study hardwood fibre strength and fibre to fibre joint strength measurements using bleached, industrial eucalyptus kraft pulp have been performed. The device used for the measurements was a micro bond tester developed at Graz University of Technology. Results were compared to those obtained in previous studies dealing with both, hardwood and softwood. The mean force to break individual hardwood joints (1:82 AE 0:48 mN) was found to be 72 % smaller than that of unbleached softwood joints and is mainly governed by the bonded area of the joints. Furthermore, the optically bonded area (OBA) of hardwood fibre to fibre joints was investigated. OBA of hardwood joints is about 81 % smaller than those of softwood and the reduction is attributed to smaller width and lower collapsibility of the fibres. Compared to softwood, the force per unit OBA of hardwood is 1.72 times higher (5:32 AE 1:46 MPa). This difference is believed to be due to the well known size effect. Single fibre tensile testing resulted in a mean breaking load of 38:81 AE 16:31 mN and show a 76 % reduction when compared to softwood. The reduction is attributed to the smaller cross sectional area and the effect of bleaching.

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“…Several methods 17,19,27,32−34 have been described in the literature to analyze the bonded area of the fiber−fiber interface, and they can be classified as either indirect methods (for example, by determining the relative bonding area), 20,32,35 or direct methods (for example, by microscope observation). 33,36,37 For indirect methods, the relative bonding area (RBA) concept was proposed 20,32,35 and was measured by employing the BET nitrogen absorption technique or light scattering coefficient. 19,32 However, the indirect methods involve complex processes, plentiful parameter conversions, and increasing errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods ,,,− have been described in the literature to analyze the bonded area of the fiber–fiber interface, and they can be classified as either indirect methods (for example, by determining the relative bonding area), ,, or direct methods (for example, by microscope observation). ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Interfiber Bonded Area Based on the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Technique

Zhang

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Interfiber bonding is a critical parameter for the strength properties of cellulosic material. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was applied to determine the interfiber bonded area of lignocellulosic fibers. Based on its unique features of optical sectioning, a series of 2D images were obtained. The optically bonded area, which does not include the unbonded area, and the overlapped area were estimated. The bonding ratio of the interfiber network, defined as the optically bonded area to the total overlapped area, was also estimated. Furthermore, the 3D-image reconstructions of the interfiber bonded model were established. The developed CLSM technique was applied to a poplar high-yield pulp sample.

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Revisiting polarized light microscopy for fiber-fiber bond area measurement - Part II: Proving the applicability

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

What holds paper together: Nanometre scale exploration of bonding between paper fibres

What holds paper together: Nanometre scale exploration of bonding between paper fibres

Strength of individual hardwood fibres and fibre to fibre joints

Determination of Interfiber Bonded Area Based on the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Technique

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