Revisiting penalty functions for environmental violations: Evidence from a developing country

Haque, Nabil

doi:10.1111/wej.12354

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The company sizes vary from a small company with 200 employees to a large one with 10,000 employees, with the mean being 1918. These figures are close to those in Haque [19], where the minimum number of employees was 55, the maximum was 8300, and the mean was 1559. Therefore, our data is not too biased in terms of the company size; however, because we were able to cover only companies with ETPs, smaller companies (which usually cannot afford ETPs) were not included.…”

Section: Profile Of Samplessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Under these circumstances, the empirical studies regarding environmental compliance were often based on a very limited number of interviews between 11-50 [4,12,17,18]. In a unique approach, Haque [13,19] collected news articles published from 2011-2016 about fines levied for water pollution by the DoE and created a dataset with 290 records of fines, of which 255 were from the textile industries. Analysis of the penalties revealed that the mean fine amount was 1,965,000 Bangladesh Taka (BDT) (1 USD = 80 BDT), with a maximum of 30,000,000 BDT and a minimum of 10,000 BDT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Pollution and the Textile Industry in Bangladesh: Flawed Corporate Practices or Restrictive Opportunities?

Sakamoto

Ahmed²,

Begum

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The textile industry in Bangladesh has been a great engine for boosting economic growth in the country. However, with great success came environmental deterioration. Untreated effluents containing heavy metals are being released into rivers from nearby factories, affecting the health of people who live along the polluted rivers. The existing law in Bangladesh, requiring such factories to install an effluent treatment plant (ETP), has not been effective in reducing environmental noncompliance. This paper aims to investigate the reality of the situation that the textile industry faces regarding environmental compliance. It is based on primary data collected from textile factories in Dhaka through a questionnaire survey with complementary interviews. This study especially highlights the barriers and difficulties faced by factories in the installation and operation of ETPs. The results confirm previous findings: Low willingness of companies to meet environmental compliance requirements and inadequate monitoring and enforcement by government authorities. In addition, we reveal that the dominant barriers to ETP installation are at the purchase stage, rather than the construction stage: ETPs are unavailable in local markets and the import tax is high. Institutional arrangements are required to improve this situation; this could include establishing a subsidy scheme that would encourage voluntary construction of central ETPs. We suggest that external pressure is essential for Bangladesh to change and the external bodies exerting such pressure should have objective measures by which to judge compliance; the quality of river water might be the only reliable measure of environmental compliance in this situation.

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Section: Profile Of Samplessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Pollution and the Textile Industry in Bangladesh: Flawed Corporate Practices or Restrictive Opportunities?

Sakamoto

Ahmed²,

Begum

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…Measurement of discharge compliance from industries is usually done towards abiding by certain legislations and regulations pertaining to standards and classification (Endlay et al, 2022). Imposing fines for cases of noncompliances (Shi et al, 2022) are an efficient way to get polluters to comply since penalties dissuade them from repeat offences (Haque, 2018) however, is that the only way to warrant industries compliance and to how do we really measure compliance?…”

Section: Compliance: An Elusive Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Malaysia's Environmental Waterways' Compliance with Industrial Effluent Discharge

Mokhtar

2023

Preprint

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The river is a highly dynamic environment and active ecosystem, human and industrial activity on its banks have an impact on it. Hence, continuous monitoring of industrial wastewater discharges is necessary to ensure environmentally sound waterways. Industries in Malaysia are increasing, and the number of polluted and slightly polluted rivers is also alarming. This brings up the main goal of this article, which is to describe the concept and categorisation considering the urgent need to improve Malaysia's river water quality and the industrial sectors role as a contributor to river pollution. The structure of this paper represents the argument on the essential issues of the field of study which is river pollution and compliance of industries with the focus area on Industrial Effluent Regulation 2009 (IER 2009) being observed. The purpose of this review is to provide better understanding to readers on the various concepts of rating parameters in measuring environmental compliances with industrial effluent discharges. The main idea in mind is to identify the themes in measuring compliances discussed in literatures and concludes with discussion on how the proposed compliance rating parameters should be selected with regards of research finding and documents review. The literature research identified four topics related to compliance of industrial effluent discharge: regulatory standard, policy, testing/laboratory requirements, and consent requirement. Plant operation, community empowerment, environmental risk and emergency planning, regulatory and environmental audit are rating criteria that are frequently covered in the papers that are being used to monitor compliance.

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“…Numbers of the rivers are gradually increasing in the southern part than the northern part flowing downward to be united with the sea, Bay of Bengal, situated on the south to the country. All the civilization and development has been occurred centering the rivers, and as a result, all the big cities stand by the bank of the main rivers of the country [6].…”

Section: Rivers Of Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh

Das¹,

Karmaker²,

Khan³

2021

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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As the population grows and the uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization rises as well, it is high time we should give proper attention to the fact of river pollution in our country which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health and environmental, aquatic ecosystem. A plethora of studies have been done on different aspects of river water pollution. In this paper a thorough discussion regarding this fact has been presented compiling a number of important studies on it. Major causes behind this pollution have been mentioned widely, like improper management of industrial and sewage effluents. However, to detect this contamination in the major rivers of Bangladesh, various studies have been done to see the physicochemical properties of the water, such as pH, turbidity, color, odor, DO, TOD, COD, TSS, EC, dissolved metal, and other chemical and bacteriological substances etc. The microorganisms within the water are the prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies and Asthma. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to halt and improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lot of water treatment systems are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers as well as to reuse the waste water. Though the systems are not much popular in Bangladesh, the government should facilitates the practice of them extensively and strengthen the laws against environmental pollution.

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Revisiting penalty functions for environmental violations: Evidence from a developing country

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Water Pollution and the Textile Industry in Bangladesh: Flawed Corporate Practices or Restrictive Opportunities?

Water Pollution and the Textile Industry in Bangladesh: Flawed Corporate Practices or Restrictive Opportunities?

Review of Malaysia's Environmental Waterways' Compliance with Industrial Effluent Discharge

Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh

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