Revisiting incremental product innovations in the food-manufacturing industry: an empirical study on the effect of intellectual property rights

Abstract

It has long been a big argument as to what types of innovations contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness of firms. According to Prajogo (2016), product innovations are effective in the changing environment but are ineffective in the competitive market. Rather, process innovations show superiority in a fiercely competitive industry. Another perspective of innovation research emphasizes technological innovation as one of the most inimitable innovations (Xin et al. 2010). Indeed, many product innovations, including new products and new features of products (such as designs or promotions), are targets of imitations (Bigliardi and Galati 2013), while the majority of process innovations are hardly imitated due to secrecy of the manufacturing processes

Which Is the Role of Innovation in Current Society? Evidence From the Spanish Pharmaceutical Industry.

“…In this way patent propensity is defined as the number of patents per unit of R&D expenditure [51] [52], thus the relationship between both concepts is clear. In reference to the pharmaceutical industry, Graves and Langowitz [53] carried out a study where they linked R&D investment with innovative output [54]. Therefore, this factor is congruent with previous contributions.…”

[Retracted] The Current Situation and Innovation of News Communication under the Environment of Financial Media

“…This problem is also the bottleneck faced by “Watch The City” in the early stage of exploring the live broadcasting platform. How to attract more fans and enhance the communication force, “Watch The City,” still needs to make greater efforts [ 16 ].…”

Foreign Technologies and Indigenous Innovation Performance: Evidence from Selected African Countries

“…Trademark application is used in this case as a proxy for innovation, and since the focus is on indigenous innovation, we use trademark applications by residents of each country. Trademark applications are increasingly being used as proxy for product and service innovations in extant literature (Block, De Vries, Schumann, & Sandner, 2014;Schautschick & Greenhalgh, 2016;Gotsch & Hipp, 2012;Yoshioka-Kobayashi, Miyanoshita, & Kanama, 2020). A major advantage of the use of trademark applications as a proxy for innovation is the availability of data for most rms and countries (Crass, Czarnitzki, & Toole, 2019;Flikkema, Castaldi, de Man, & Seip, 2019).…”