“…Competence entails a collection of related abilities, commitments, knowledge and skills that enable the writer to act effectively in a broad variety of language usage (Mayhoub, Ali, & Mohamed, 2023. As regards the use of English, competence involves a state of being competent in its grammatical aspects (Álvarez-Cañizo, Afonso & Suárez-Coalla, 2023) essential for academic success (Bo, Fu & Lim, 2023). Deviation refers to a marked departure from the accepted norms and standards of the language including the incorrect use of grammar attributed to poor competence in grapheme-phoneme correspondence, incomplete application of rules and ignorance of the rule restrictions (Al-Jarf, 2023).…”