Revisiting diesel fuel formulation from Petroleum light and middle refinery streams based on optimized engine behavior

Abstract

International audienceThe share of diesel fuel in European transport sector, which currently represents over 50% of total 11 demand, is increasing, requiring massive imports of this product, while at the same time, gasoline fuels are 12 today in surplus. In terms of air pollutant emissions, gasoline and kerosene streams have shown potential 13 in achieving lower emissions in Compression Ignition (CI) engines, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx) 14 and particulates. A new fuel formulation approach through the use of light fractions within diesel 15 technology could consequently address both questions of energy demand balance and reduction of diesel 16 engines pollution footprint. In this study, a fuel formulation for a Diesel engine is optimized to achieve 17 lower pollutants emissions and higher engine efficiency. The fuel matrix is based on seven refinery 18 streams representative of gasoline (Hydrotreated Straight-Run Gasoline HSRG, Hydrotreated Fluid 19 Catalytic Cracking HFCC and Reformate REF), kerosene (Hydrotreated Straight-Run Kerosene HSRK 20 and Hydrocracked Kerosene HCKK) and diesel cuts (Hydrotreated Straight-Run Diesel HSRD and 21 Hydrocracked Light Diesel HCKLD). A D-Optimal mixture design is applied to build, a 12-run, 7-factor fuelmatrix and the fuels are thoroughly optimized on two engine conditions at light and mid-load representativeof typical vehicle running conditions. The results show a high sensitivity and a good correlation ofthe engine efficiency and pollutants emissions with the volumetric contribution of each refinery streamto the fuel composition. The optimum fuel composition varies across the range of engine operatingpoints. At light load for example, the addition of up to 50 vol% of gasoline streams (HSRG and HFCC) todiesel streams demonstrates a good potential to simultaneously reduce NOx and particulate emission

Experimental Investigation of a Condensation Particle Counter Challenged by Particles with Varying Wettability to Working Liquid

“…The adverse effects of vehicular emissions, especially particulate matter emissions on health and environment have triggered research interests in fuel formulations (Chen et al, 2012b;Giakoumis et al, 2012;Millo et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2015;Amara et al, 2016), engine calibration and designs (Chen et al, 2012a;Lee and Jeong, 2012;Tan et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2017), and effective after treatment technologies (Mamakos et al, 2013b;Lee et al, 2015) to reduce ultrafine particle emissions. Increasingly stringent regulations such as Euro 5/6 legislation, which specifies a non-volatile particle number emission limit of 6 × 10 11 particles km -1 to complement the mass-based limit for particulate emissions from light-duty diesel vehicles, have been proposed Otsuki et al, 2014).…”

Experimental Study on the Influence of DPF Micropore Structure and Particle Property on Its Filtration Process

“…The detailed physical process is ignored in this analysis, and the large deviation is obtained by directly using this correlation. The bad linear fitting can be attributed to the definitions of filtration velocity and porosity in (1). Firstly, as it has been mentioned above in Section 3.1, the initial increment rate does not increase quadratically with filtration velocity; thus the quadratic variation leads to large deviation from the linear fitting, which needs to be corrected.…”

“…Diesel engines are widely employed for their efficient fuel consumption and low CO 2 emission, but they are also one of the widely recognized sources for particle emission, which has negative impacts on the environment and human health. Increasingly stringent legislations on vehicular emissions have triggered research interests in fuel formulations and oxygenated fuel addition [1][2][3][4][5], engine calibration and designs [6][7][8][9], and effective after treatment technologies [10,11] to reduce particle and gaseous emissions. Among all the aforementioned techniques, engine calibration has limited room for emissions improvement, and the effects of oxygenated fuel addition on particle emissions are somewhat controversial [2].…”

Diagnosis of fuels with infrared spectroscopy utilization

“…The instrumental methods are often based on the principle of infrared spectrometry. Currently, the fuel quality indicators are monitored in special laboratories, with utilizations of special standardized methods [10][11][12][13][14]. However, operational practice lacks a simple identification and diagnosis method for fuel quality indicators.…”