Revisiting Anchor Epicanthoplasty in Mild to Moderate Asian Epicanthal Folds: A Clinicopathological Study

Short- and Long-term Patient Satisfaction and Complications in 650 Endoscopic Forehead Lift Procedures

“…Follow-up times were 1 day (ocular and facial examination), 1 week (staple and skin suture removal), 3 weeks (screw removal), 6 months, and then yearly. Satisfaction score was obtained by asking the patients to put a cross mark on a ruler of 0-10 scale (visual analog score, VAS) 10 expressing their score of satisfaction just toward the EFL (0: lowest, 10: highest). The VAS was obtained either in the clinic (short-term, 6 months) or on the phone call (long-term, ≥2 years).…”

“…While authors acknowledge that such a subjective scoring could be influenced by the other associated procedures, there is no other method for separately assessing the patient satisfaction toward 1 among other simultaneous procedures. 9,10 All the complications were recorded based on the patient's report. Some (numbness, itching, headache and forehead irregularity, surprised look, undercorrection of eyebrow elevation) could not be objectively measured.…”

“…Participants with previous eyelid, eyebrow, and forehead trauma or surgery, nonendoscopic forehead lift, and less than 2 years follow up were excluded. Simultaneous radiofrequency (Ellman, Hewlett, NY) assisted upper blepharoplasty, 14 lower blepharoplasty, 9 blepharoptosis repair, 15 and medial anchor epicanthoplasty 10 were performed under local anesthesia before the EFL.…”

“…Visual analog scoring (VAS) system has been effectively used for assessing patient’s satisfaction after periocular aesthetic procedures. 9,10 A few studies have reported the patient satisfaction in either a short- (within first year) 11 or medium-term (within 2–3 years) 12 follow up after the EFL. However, no study has compared the short- versus long-term satisfaction in the same population.…”

“Hyperspectral and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging for Monitoring the Effect of Epinephrine in Local Anesthetics in Oculoplastic Surgery”

“…2 Whereas lower concentrations of 10 μg/mL (1/100,000) and, more commonly, 5 μg/mL (1/200,000) are mostly used in the oculo-facial plastic procedures. 3–5 Fick’s law of diffusion is a model that can measure drug transportation by describing the relationship between drug diffusion rate. Drug diffusion rate across a unit area is proportional to the concentration gradient (false J=−D dφ dx , J is the diffusion flux, D is the diffusion coefficient, φ is the concentration, x is the length).…”