Revisión sistemática de la repercusión fisiológica de los cursos militares operacionales cortos para el soldado

Gómez, Daniel Fernando Aparicio; Jiménez, Laura Elizabeth Castro; García-Muñoz, Ana Isabel; Amézquita, Jenner Rodrigo Cubides; Salazar, Angélica María Puentes

doi:10.21830/19006586.402

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The control of body mass, especially muscle mass, is fundamental for the military, since some studies (Chuang et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2020) demonstrated the relationship between body mass and physical fitness. Military personnel with high body mass may have lower-than-expected performances for the operational functions they perform (Gomez et al, 2019). Regarding body composition, similar results to our study were observed after eight weeks of intervention (Santtila et al, 2008) and after 12 weeks (El Hage & Reis Filho, 2013;Campos et al, 2017), which reported body mass and waist circumference reduction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of Two 8-Week Physical Training Models (Traditional and Specific) on Improved Military Physical Performance

Campos,

Franchini

et al. 2023

EJPE

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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of traditional physical training (TPT) and military-specific physical training (MSPT) on the physical and operational performance of infantry cadets of the Brazilian Air Force (BAF). This study consisted of 27 male cadets (22.8±1.6 years, 76.0±9.2 kg, 1.77±0.05 m) stratified according to initial levels of physical fitness and randomly allocated in TPT (n= 13) or MSPT (n= 14) groups. The TPT group performed the basic military physical training provided for the military and the MSPT group conducted specific operational training. The variables were analyzed through two evaluations at the beginning and end of the eight-week training protocol. Anthropometric evaluations, physical fitness, and military operational physical tests were performed. Internal training load was determined through session rating of perceived exertion. Two-way (group and time) analysis of variance was used to compare groups and periods of training. Bonferroni test was used as a post-hoc when necessary. The effect sizes were presented by partial eta squared (ηp²) and Cohen dz. No group and time interaction was found for any variable. Regarding the time effect, there was a decrease in both groups in the anthropometric variables. The variables that increased over time for both groups were push-up and sit-up repetitions in 1 min, aerobic power, and squat jump height, whereas time in the military operational physical test decreased. Regarding the internal training load, no interaction between the group and period was observed. Therefore, both TPT and MSPT groups were effective in improving the physical and operational performance of military personnel after eight weeks of training. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/soc/0036/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of Two 8-Week Physical Training Models (Traditional and Specific) on Improved Military Physical Performance

Campos,

Franchini

et al. 2023

EJPE

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“…Adicionalmente, el curso se desarrolla en tres áreas, las cuales comprenden la formación básica, la formación profesional específica y el área socio -humanística, siendo la primera la de mayor relevancia para la presente investigación, debido a que está enmarcada en la preparación física necesaria para mostrar un desempeño adecuado durante el desarrollo del curso, y en la cual también el alumno estimula habilidades y destrezas en unidades de combate terrestre (Aparicio Gomez et al, 2019). De acuerdo con lo anterior, durante la formación técnica y táctica del curso de combate se imparten instrucciones de combate cuerpo a cuerpo, supervivencia de combate en el agua, trote de hasta 14 kilómetros, marchas con cargas, ejercicios de tiro mediante polígonos diurnos y nocturnos, manejo de armamento, entre otras; por último, a nivel socio-humanístico se destacan el liderazgo, espíritu de cuerpo o del combatiente, ética y honor militar.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto del curso avanzado de combate sobre cualidades físicas condicionantes y características antropométricas en alumnos de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova de Bogotá D.C. (Effect of the advanced combat course on conditioning phy

Camacho¹,

Amézquita

Mesa

et al. 2021

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El Ejército Nacional de Colombia garantiza la formación de sus alumnos a partir del curso avanzado de combate, que simulan operaciones militares reales. Este artículo busca determinar el efecto del curso avanzado de combate sobre cualidades físicas y antropométricas en alumnos de la Escuela Militar. Para ello se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo con componente analítico, cuyos sujetos fueron medidos antes y después del Curso de Combate. La muestra incluyó 113 participantes, 26 mujeres y 87 hombres con edades promedio de 22 ± 1,3 años, pertenecientes a la Escuela Militar de Cadetes de Colombia. Las variables que se midieron fueron peso, talla, perímetro de cintura e Índice de masa corporal, el VO2 máximo indirecto con el test de Leger, la fuerza máxima del cuadrante superior con el press banca acoplado al sistema T-Force®, fuerza prensil y de espalda con dinamometría y la flexibilidad con el test Sit and Reach. Se evidenciaron cambio significativo: controladas por género: perímetro de cintura p <.001, IMC p = .000847, flexibilidad p =.0147, dinamometría de espalda p = 5.12e-05 y la variable RM p = 9.26e-06; controlando por género y lateralidad: fuerza prensil izquierda p <.001. Se logró evidenciar una reducción del IMC y perímetro de cintura. Existe un incremento de la fuerza isométrica extensora de tronco con disminución de la flexibilidad lumbar e isquiotibial, generando rigidez, estabilidad del tronco permitiendo soportar posturas y cargas. Se presentaron mejoras de fuerza máxima en miembros superiores y fuerza prensil izquierda, mejorando la capacidad de mantener cargas. Abstract. The National Army of Colombia guarantees the education of their students from advanced combat courses, which simulate real military operations. This article seeks to determines the effect of the advanced combat course on physical qualities and anthropometric characteristics in students of the Military School. For this, an observational, descriptive study with an analytical component was carried out, whose subjects were measured before and after the Combat Course. The sample included 113 participants, 26 women and 87 men with an average age of 22 ± 1.3 years, belonging to the Colombian Military Cadet School. The variables that were measured were weight, height, waist circumference and body mass index, the maximum indirect VO2 with the Leger test, the maximum force of the upper quadrant with the bench press coupled to the T-Force® system, prehensile and back strength with dynamometry and flexibility with the Sit and Reach test. Results: The following variables showed change: controlled by gender: waist circumference p <.001, BMI p = .000847, flexibility p = .0147, back dynamometry p = 5.12e 05 and the variable RM p = 9.26e-06; controlling for gender and laterality: left grip strength p <.001. There was a reduction of BMI and waist circumference and significant increase in isometric trunk extensor force with decreased lumbar and hamstring flexibility, which generates rigidity, stability of the trunk allowing to support postures and loads. Students developed superior levels of maximum strength in upper limbs and left prehensile strength, improving the ability to hold loads.

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“…It is important to point out that exercise, in general, offers health benefits in non-military populations (4). However, under adverse operational and climatic situations, exercise can produce undesired impacts on those being trained; this has been described in reviews by several military entities concerning short training courses (5). It has also been documented that exercise can produce changes in the subjects' body composition (6) (7) and in other aspects of physical fitness, which are not the subject of this chapter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Changes in Students Resulting from the Advanced Combat Course at Escuela Militar de Cadetes

Aparicio-Gómez¹

2021

Characterizing the Fitness of Colombian Military Personnel

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Background. During military training, students in training schools undergo the Advanced Combat Course (ACC). This course is effective to obtain technical and tactical results for operations. However, there are physical results that cannot be evaluated by using a parameter, such as body mass index, making the understanding of the effects of the ACC on anthropometric conditions necessary to indirectly evaluate the course's components. These results can aid in making potential mid-or long-term adjustments so that training objectives are achieved, without detriment to the participants' well-being. Objective. This study's objective was to determine the anthropometric changes of the military personnel participating in the Advanced Combat Course and its significant physical repercussions, which can be used as an indicator of the improvement or not of the individual's physical fitness. Materials and methods. A longitudinal study was conducted with 69 military personnel (56 men and 13 women) in training at the Colombian Army's Escuela Militar de Cadetes. The participants signed an informed consent. An anthropometric assessment of height, weight, and waist circumference was performed before and after the ACC. Body composition was also evaluated using electrical bioimpedance (SECA 525), and the behavior of the data was established by using the SPSS Ver. 21 statistical program. The statistical significance of the data was then established by using Student's t-test method for paired data. Results. The varia-Characterizing the fitness of Colombian military personnel bles of WEIGHT, body mass index (BMI), relative fat mass (RFM), absolute fat mass (AFM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), extracellular fluid (ECF), and phase angle (PhA) had statistically significant changes, meaning that the ACC's physical burden produces changes on these variables. There were no statistically significant changes in the fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body water (TBW), and waist circunference (WC). Conclusions. While the physical load involved in the 8-week advanced combat course produces changes in all the anthropometric variables evaluated through bioelectrical impedeance analysis, only a few variables present statistically significant changes. However, they are unproved concerning fat-free mass, skeletal muscle, total water, and waist circumference.

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Revisión sistemática de la repercusión fisiológica de los cursos militares operacionales cortos para el soldado

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Two 8-Week Physical Training Models (Traditional and Specific) on Improved Military Physical Performance

Effects of Two 8-Week Physical Training Models (Traditional and Specific) on Improved Military Physical Performance

Efecto del curso avanzado de combate sobre cualidades físicas condicionantes y características antropométricas en alumnos de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova de Bogotá D.C. (Effect of the advanced combat course on conditioning phy

Anthropometric Changes in Students Resulting from the Advanced Combat Course at Escuela Militar de Cadetes

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