Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera

Abstract

The tapeworm order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda), which has until recently formed part of the suppressed order Pseudophyllidea, is revised. Four new genera, namely Andycestus n. g. [type- and only species A. abyssmus (Thomas, 1953) n. comb.], Plicocestus n. g. [type- and only species P. janickii (Markowski, 1971) n. comb.] (both Bothriocephalidae), Mesoechinophallus n. g. [type-species M. hyperogliphe (Tkachev, 1979) n. comb.; other species M. major (Takao, 1986) n. comb. (Echinophallidae)] and Kimocestus n. g. [type- and only species K. ceratias (Tkachev, 1979) n. comb.] (Triaenophoridae) are proposed. Parabothriocephaloides Yamaguti, 1934, Penetrocephalus Rao, 1960 and Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 are resurrected as valid genera, whereas Alloptychobothrium Yamaguti, 1968 (newly synonymised with Plicatobothrium Cable & Michaelis, 1967), Capooria Malhotra, 1985 and Coelobothrium Dollfus, 1970 (syns of Bothriocephalus Rudolphi 1808), Fissurobothrium Roitman, 1965 (syn. of Bathybothrium Lühe, 1902), Paratelemerus Gulyaev, Korotaeva & Kurochkin, 1989 (syn. of Parabothriocephaloides Yamaguti, 1934) and Tetrapapillocephalus Protasova & Mordvinova, 1986 (syn. of Oncodiscus Yamaguti, 1934) are considered to be invalid. A recently erected genus, Dactylobothrium Srivastav, Khare & Jadhav, 2006, and its type- and only species, D. choprai Srivastav, Khare & Jadhav, 2006, are considered to be unrecognisable, because their descriptions contain a number of obvious errors and also indicate that a mixture of several taxa, probably of at least two cestode orders, were studied. Parabothriocephaloides wangi nom. nov. is proposed for Parabothriocephalus psenopsis Wang, Liu & Yang, 2004 from Psenopsis anomala in China in order to avoid a secondary homonymy. All 46 genera considered to be valid are revised, with their generic diagnoses amended on the basis of a critical examination of extensive museum and newly collected specimens. Despite apparent paraphyly or polyphyly of some bothriocephalidean families, especially the Triaenophoridae, the current classification restricted to four families, proposed by Bray et al. (1994), namely the Bothriocephalidae, Echinophallidae, Philobythiidae and Triaenophoridae, is provisionally retained with slight modifications until more molecular data on most genera are available. Keys to families and genera are provided.

Two new species of Clestobothrium (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea), parasites of Merluccius australis and M. hubbsi (Gadiformes: Merlucciidae) from the Patagonian shelf of Argentina, with comments on Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819)

“…the new species belongs to Clestobothrium within the Bothriocephalidea as defined by Bray et al (1994) and Kuchta et al (2008). the characteristic shape of scolex (globular to oval), presence of a weakly developed apical disk forming two lip-like structures and a strongly U-shaped muscular sphincter connected anteriorly by a narrow muscle around the aperture of bothria are important features for assigning a species to Clestobothrium.…”

Seasonal occurrence of some larval stages of endoparasites in three cyprinids from the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams, the Limpopo River System, South Africa

“…Generally, low infection levels of these metacestodes might be related to the fact that gryporhynchid larvae are often overlooked due to their minuscule size and specifi c site. Mashego (2001) recorded a prevalence of only 4.0 % of these metacestodes in B. radiatus and mean intensities of 1.0 -6.0 specimens with prevalence ranging from 4.0 -13.0 % in other fi ve cyprinids from the Limpopo Province. Water quality variables measured in this study show that the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams are relatively un-polluted.…”

Dynamics of a parasite assemblage of the Vermilion Rockfish Sebastes miniatus from northwestern Baja California, México

“…After obtaining the morphological data, identification of helminths was identified according to keys proposed by Yamaguti (1963);Vidal-Martínez et al (2002);Yamaguti (1971);Bravo-Hollis (1967, 1982a; Mendoza-Garfias and Pérez-Ponce de León (1998); Kuchta et al (2008); Yamaguti (1961);andAnderson et al (1974-1983) for nematodes. To identify the parasitic copepods, keys of Boyle-Cressey (1980, 1985); Kabata (1979Kabata ( , 1992aand Boxshall (2004) were used.…”