Revision of the lower Eocene Wilcox flora of the southeastern States, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky

Berry, Edward W.

doi:10.3133/pp156

Cited by 30 publications

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“…Nyssa brandoniana-like fossil was from the mid Eocene (38-48 Mya), and it is the oldest fossil assigned to the N. javanica and N. yunnanensis complex, based on morphology (Table 2; Eyde & Barghoorn, 1963;Manchester, 1994; also see total-evidence-based phylogeny below). The crown node age of N. ogeche-N. aquatica clade was also constrained as 48-56 Mya (referred to as node 4), based on the age of the N. eolignitica Berry (including N. wilcoxiana Berry) fossil (38-48 Mya) that shows similarities to the N. ogeche (Table 2; Berry, 1930) and the aforementioned maximum age of Nyssa crown node (56 Mya). We used the maximum age of Nyssa crown as an upper bound for these two nodes to allow sufficient space for the analysis to find the optimal estimated time, given the close fossil ages of these lineages and short internal branches connecting these lineages.…”

Section: Divergence Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stones with raised bundles were considered as the close relatives of N. aquatica. These include N. boveyana Chandler (Chandler, 1957) from the early Oligocene (Europe), N. ornithobroma Unger (Unger, 1861) from the Miocene (Europe and western Asia), N. complanata Eyde & Barghoorn (including N. curta G. Perkins) (Berry, 1930;Eyde & Barghoorn, 1963) from the Miocene to Eocene (eastern USA), and N. californica MacGinitie (MacGinitie, 1941) from Mid Eocene (western USA). Fossil stones ribbed with bundles sunken between broad ribs include N. lescurii (C. H. Hitchcock) G. Perkins (Eyde & Barghoorn, 1963) from the Miocene (Vermont, eastern USA) and N. eolignitica from the mid Eocene (Tennessee, eastern USA).…”

Section: Biogeographical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenomics, biogeography, and evolution of morphology and ecological niche of the eastern Asian–eastern North AmericanNyssa(Nyssaceae)

Zhou

Xiang

Wen

2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Nyssa (Nyssaceae, Cornales) represents a classical example of the well‐known eastern Asian–eastern North American floristic disjunction. The genus consists of three species in eastern Asia, four species in eastern North America, and one species in Central America. Species of the genus are ecologically important trees in eastern North American and eastern Asian forests. The distribution of living species and a rich fossil record of the genus make it an excellent model for understanding the origin and evolution of the eastern Asian–eastern North American floristic disjunction. However, despite the small number of species, relationships within the genus have remained unclear and have not been elucidated using a molecular approach. Here, we integrate data from 48 nuclear genes, fossils, morphology, and ecological niche to resolve species relationships, elucidate its biogeographical history, and investigate the evolution of morphology and ecological niches, aiming at a better understanding of the well‐known EA–ENA floristic disjunction. Results showed that the Central American (CAM) Nyssa talamancana was sister to the remaining species, which were divided among three, rapidly diversified subclades. Estimated divergence times and biogeographical history suggested that Nyssa had an ancestral range in Eurasia and western North America in the late Paleocene. The rapid diversification occurred in the early Eocene, followed by multiple dispersals between and within the Erasian and North American continents. The genus experienced two major episodes of extinction in the early Oligocene and end of Neogene, respectively. The Central American N. talamancana represents a relic lineage of the boreotropical flora in the Paleocene/Eocene boundary that once diversified in western North America. The results supported the importance of both the North Atlantic land bridge and the Bering land bridge (BLB) for the Paleogene dispersals of Nyssa and the Neogene dispersals, respectively, as well as the role of Central America as refugia of the Paleogene flora. The total‐evidence‐based dated phylogeny suggested that the pattern of macroevolution of Nyssa coincided with paleoclimatic changes. We found a number of evolutionary changes in morphology (including wood anatomy and leaf traits) and ecological niches (precipitation and temperature) between the EA–ENA disjunct, supporting the ecological selection driving trait evolutions after geographic isolation. We also demonstrated challenges in phylogenomic studies of lineages with rapid diversification histories. The concatenation of gene data can lead to inference of strongly supported relationships incongruent with the species tree. However, conflicts in gene genealogies did not seem to impose a strong effect on divergence time dating in our case. Furthermore, we demonstrated that rapid diversification events may not be recovered in the divergence time dating analysis using BEAST if critical fossil constraints of the relevant nodes are not available. Our study provides an example of co...

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Section: Divergence Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biogeographical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics, biogeography, and evolution of morphology and ecological niche of the eastern Asian–eastern North AmericanNyssa(Nyssaceae)

Zhou

Xiang

Wen

2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…Abundant well-preserved plant fossils, including leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and wood have been collected and studied from these localities for the past 150 years. Since the mid 1800s, numerous papers have been based upon these fossil plants (Lesquereux, 1859(Lesquereux, , 1869Owen, 1860;Safford, 1869;Berry, 1914Berry, , 1915Berry, , 1916Berry, , 1922Berry, , 1924Berry, , 1926Berry, , 1927Berry, , 1930Berry, , 1937Berry, , 1941Brown, 1939Brown, , 1940Brown, , 1944Brown, , 1946Brown, , 1960Gray, 1960;Dilcher, 1963Dilcher, , 1969Dilcher, , 1971Dilcher, , 2000Dilcher and McQuade, 1967;Dilcher and Mehrotra, 1969;Dilcher and Dolph, 1970;Tschudy, 1973;Elsik and Dilcher, 1974;Crepet et al, 1974Crepet et al, , 1975Dolph, 1975;Crepet and Dilcher, 1977;Dilcher and Daghlian, 1977;Crepet, 1978;Roth and Dilcher, 1979;Frederiksen, 1980aFrederiksen, , 1980bDaghlian, 1980, 1982;Jones and Dilcher, 1980;Potter and Dilcher, 1980;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruits, seeds, and flowers from the Warman clay pit (middle Eocene Claiborne Group), western Tenness

Wang

Blanchard

Dilcher

2013

Palaeontologia Electronica

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In this report, we examine fossil plant reproductive materials from the Warman clay pit in western Tennessee. The investigation of about 600 specimens has resulted in the recognition of 60 species and morphotypes. Based upon comparisons of gross morphology of these specimens with available extant plant materials and the literature, we have been able to assess their affinities with 16 extant families. We are able to relate 36 species and morphotypes to the following families:

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“…The flowers described as “Solanites” pusillus Berry from the Eocene of Tennessee, USA [103] were recently recognized as Rhamnaceae by Millán and Crepet [30]. They have a campanulate floral cup and obovate petals each with a rounded apex, features that distinguish “S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia

et al. 2017

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Southern-Hemisphere terrestrial communities from the early Paleocene are poorly known, but recent work on Danian plant fossils from the Salamanca Formation in Chubut Province, Argentina are providing critical data on earliest Paleocene floras. The fossils described here come from a site in the Salamanca Formation dating to ca. 1 million years or less after the end-Cretaceous extinction event; they are the first fossil flowers reported from the Danian of South America, and possible the entire Southern Hemisphere. They are compressions and impressions in flat-laminated light gray shale, and they belong to the family Rhamnaceae (buckthorns). Flowers of Notiantha grandensis gen. et sp. nov. are pentamerous, with distinctly keeled calyx lobes projecting from the hypanthium, clawed and cucullate emarginate petals, antepetalous stamens, and a pentagonal floral disk that fills the hypanthium. Their phylogenetic position was evaluated using a molecular scaffold approach combined with morphological data. Results indicate that the flowers are most like those of extant ziziphoid Rhamnaceae. The associated leaves, assigned to Suessenia grandensis gen. et sp. nov. are simple and ovate, with serrate margins and three acrodromous basal veins. They conform to the distinctive leaves of some extant Rhamnaceae in the ziziphoid and ampelozizyphoid clades. These fossils provide the first unequivocal megafossil evidence of Rhamnaceae in the Southern Hemisphere, demonstrating that Rhamnaceae expanded beyond the tropics by the earliest Paleocene. Given previous reports of rhamnaceous pollen in the late Paleogene and Neogene of Antarctica and southern Australia, this new occurrence increases the possibility of high-latitude dispersal of this family between South America and Australia via Antarctica during the Cenozoic.

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Revision of the lower Eocene Wilcox flora of the southeastern States, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogenomics, biogeography, and evolution of morphology and ecological niche of the eastern Asian–eastern North AmericanNyssa(Nyssaceae)

Phylogenomics, biogeography, and evolution of morphology and ecological niche of the eastern Asian–eastern North AmericanNyssa(Nyssaceae)

Fruits, seeds, and flowers from the Warman clay pit (middle Eocene Claiborne Group), western Tenness

Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia

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