Revision of some spiriferide and spiriferinide brachiopods from the historical type area of the Tournaisian stage (Carboniferous, southern Belgium)

New insights on Tournaisian–Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

“…It took place during a relatively early stage of the growth of the brachiopod and was not lethal as reflected by the deviation of the radial ornamentation and the distortion of the shell outline. Similar phenomena, which were observed recently in spiriferides from the Tournai Formation by Mottequin and Simon (2017), were discussed notably by Baliński (1993) and Sun and Baliński (2011). Circular drill holes perpendicular to shell surface similar to those described by Mottequin and Sevastopulo (2009) on Crurithyris goldfussiana and Mottequin and Simon (2017) on other spiriferide species were observed rarely in Serratocrista scaldisensis (Figure 17.12), Nucleospira hannoniae , and Coveenia ulothrix (Figure 28.2, 28.18).…”

“…De Koninck (1847Koninck ( , 1851Koninck ( , 1887 invariably cited 1843 for his earlier work on brachiopods. As explained by Mottequin and Simon (2017), we have here opted for 1843 in conformity with de Koninck's works. It is useful to stress here on the fact that a large part of Demanet's (1934) Holotype.…”

“…Epizoans. Brachiopods from the Tournai Formation are commonly encrusted by different kinds of epizoans according to the nicely preserved material curated at the RBINS and the ULg (Mottequin and Simon, 2017). The most common epizoans are the tentaculitoid tubeworms (microconchids) 21.14), auloporides , and craniide brachiopods ( Figure 6.1-12).…”

Brachiopod faunas from the basinal facies of southeastern Thuringia (Germany) before and after the Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian–Carboniferous boundary)

“…Contrary to the definition of the subfamily Tylothyridinae (Tylothyris North, 1920 and Texathyris) by Johnson and Hou (2006), who indicated the absence of radial microornament, it appears that the type species of Tylothyris, i.e. T. laminosa (M'Coy 1841), displays capillae which are only observed in particularly well-preserved material (Mottequin and Simon 2017). Due to preservation bias, such a microornament was not observed in T.…”

“…From the specific assignment viewpoint, the relatively poor preservation of the Thuringian specimens precludes a confident identification. As recently stressed by Mottequin et al (2015b) and Mottequin and Simon (2017), Tournaisian and Visean Crurithyris species from Western Europe need to be revised, notably those described and/or discussed by George (1931). Occurrence.…”