Revision of Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) in the Caribbean and northern Andean region

Franck, Alan R.; Barrios, Duniel; Campbell, Keron C. St. E.; Peguero, Brígido; Santiago‐Valentín, Eugenio; Rigerszki, Zoltán; Haakonsson, Jane; Gann, George D.; Howe, Natalie; John, James St; Moreno, Juan Sebastián; Clark, Christopher

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.411.3.1

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…P. gaumeri had previously been designated as synonym for P. royenii because they share the treelike habit, yellow spines, and flowers of approximately 7 cm long (Anderson 2001 ; Barthlott et al 2015 ; Hunt et al 2006 ; Zappi 1994 ). However, according to Franck et al ( 2019 ), they are different species considering branching (divergent/ascending to strict), stem thickness (slender/thick), and fruit color (purple/red). Our morphological measurements in P. gaumeri which agree with the diagnostic characters presented by Franck et al ( 2019 ), including the hair length of 1.7 to 2.3 cm for P. gaumeri while P. royenii has hairs up to 4 cm long.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, according to Franck et al ( 2019 ), they are different species considering branching (divergent/ascending to strict), stem thickness (slender/thick), and fruit color (purple/red). Our morphological measurements in P. gaumeri which agree with the diagnostic characters presented by Franck et al ( 2019 ), including the hair length of 1.7 to 2.3 cm for P. gaumeri while P. royenii has hairs up to 4 cm long. Therefore, these remarkable morphological differences between P. gaumeri and P. royenii allows us to support them as different species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focal group of this study is the recognized species of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Calvente et al 2016 ) from Mexico and Central America— P. alensis , P. chrysacanthus , P. collinsii , P. cometes , P. gaumeri , P. leucocephalus , P. purpusii , and P. quadricentralis —based on recent taxonomic syntheses (Franck et al 2019 ; Guzmán et al 2003 ; Hunt et al 2006 ) and a phylogenetic study of the genus Pilosocereus (Calvente et al 2016 ). The geographical distribution of the species of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Cereeae, Pilosocereus Byles & G.D.Rowley is one of the genera with the widest distribution in the Americas compared to the remaining 13 genera of this tribe, which are restricted mostly to eastern South America (Barthlott et al 2015 ; Hunt et al 2006 ). Furthermore, Pilosocereus stands out in Cactaceae as a genus with a high number of species with 42 to 50 species (Calvente et al 2016 ; Franck et al 2019 ; Hunt et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have expanded the knowledge of Pilosocereus species in the Caribbean and northern South America (Calvente et al 2016 ; Franck et al 2019 ), however, no solid knowledge of systematics inside the Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Calvente et al 2016 ) is available. Because we only have the taxonomic contributions made by Byles and Rowley ( 1957 ) and the recent phylogenetic study by Calvente et al ( 2016 ), which used a low number of samples within this group, the need of a broader sampling in this particular group is evident, including the use of morphological and molecular characters to better understand their phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Cactaceae) reveal new taxonomical implications

et al. 2022

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Pilosocereus is one of the Cactaceae family’s most relevant genera in terms of the number of species and its wide geographical range in the Americas. Within Pilosocereus, five informal taxonomic groups have been recognized, one of which is P. leucocephalus group s.s., whose phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. Therefore, our objectives are to recognize the circumscriptions of the species in P. leucocephalus group s.s. and to corroborate the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of this group through a set of morphological and molecular characters. This study is based on representative sampling along the broad distribution of this group in Mexico and Central America using multivariate and phylogenetic analyses. The morphological characters identified to contribute to species recognition and group formation are branch diameter, areole length, the areole length-width ratio, the distance between areoles, the length of the longest radial spine, and branch and spines colors. The chloroplast markers rpl16, trnL-trnF, and petL-psbE and the nuclear marker AT1G18270 support the monophyly of the P. leucocephalus group s.s., and two probable synapomorphies are suggested, including one transversion in rpl16 and another in petL-psbE. Together, our results demonstrate that sampled species of P. leucocephalus group s.s. encompass six species distributed in Mexico and Central America: P. alensis and P. purpusii in the western region, P. chrysacanthus and P. collinsii in the central region, and P. gaumeri and P. leucocephalus in the eastern region. A taxonomic key to recognized species is provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Cactaceae) reveal new taxonomical implications

et al. 2022

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Revisiting phylogeny, systematics, and biogeography of a Pleistocene radiation

Romeiro-Brito

Khan

Perez

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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Premise Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) is an important dry forest element in all subregions and transitional zones of the neotropics, with the highest diversity in eastern Brazil. The genus is subdivided into informal taxonomic groups; however, most of these are not supported by recent molecular phylogenetic inferences. This lack of confidence is probably due to the use of an insufficient number of loci and the complexity of cactus diversification. Here, we explored the species relationships in Pilosocereus in more detail, integrating multilocus phylogenetic approaches with the assessment of the ancestral range and the effect of geography on diversification shifts. Methods We used 28 nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial loci from 54 plant samples of 31 Pilosocereus species for phylogenetic analyses. We used concatenated and coalescent phylogenetic trees and Bayesian models to estimate the most likely ancestral range and diversification shifts. Results All Pilosocereus species were clustered in the same branch, except P. bohlei. The phylogenetic relationships were more associated with the geographic distribution than taxonomic affinities among taxa. The genus began diversifying during the Plio‐Pleistocene transition in the Caatinga domain and experienced an increased diversification rate during the Calabrian age. Conclusions We recovered a well‐supported multispecies coalescent phylogeny. Our results refine the pattern of rapid diversification of Pilosocereus species across neotropical drylands during the Pleistocene and highlight the need for taxonomic rearrangements in the genus. We recovered a pulse of diversification during the Pleistocene that was likely driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events within and among the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest domains.

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Phylogenomics of the Caribbean melocacti: Cryptic species and multiple invasions

Majure

Barrios

Díaz³

et al. 2022

TAXON

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The widespread Neotropical genus Melocactus of approximately 42 currently recognized species, is most diverse in eastern Brazil and the Greater Antilles, especially Cuba. Species delimitation is notoriously problematic in the group, although this is due in part to a lack of detailed systematic studies, as well as a severely cluttered nomenclatural history. To date, no comprehensive phylogenetic hypotheses have been generated for the clade, although some population genetic and morphological studies exist. We generated the largest phylogenetic dataset of Melocactus to date based on plastome data derived from a genome-skimming approach for 26 taxa, which provided a framework for understanding species limits and relationships among Caribbean species. Our timecalibrated phylogeny revealed a mid-Pleistocene origin for Melocactus, and we resolved three major clades, a Cuban clade, a mostly South American clade, and a widespread Caribbean clade, which also included some South American taxa. Our topology recovered the Cuban clade as sister to the rest of the species, although this placement was poorly supported, and several other Cuban species are scattered throughout the rest of the tree. Biogeographic analyses suggested multiple dispersal events from South America leading to the current diversity on Cuba, as well as other parts of the Antilles. Based on our phylogenetic results, previous hypotheses of species numbers and relationships in the Caribbean generated solely on morphology have, in some cases, been greatly underestimated. Our study shows that plastome data are effective for resolving clades and species limits in Melocactus, although future work will need to include broader sampling and larger datasets to fully resolve relationships in this complicated group of cacti. We describe one new cryptic species for Cuba, Melocactus santiagoensis sp. nov., and provide a new combination (Melocactus lagunaensis comb. & stat. nov.), based on our phylogenetic results and morphological data and typify numerous names in the genus. The genus Melocactus is another striking example of the exceptional diversity that has been generated in the poorly studied, seasonally dry tropical forest of the Greater Antilles.

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Revision of Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) in the Caribbean and northern Andean region

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Cactaceae) reveal new taxonomical implications

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Cactaceae) reveal new taxonomical implications

Revisiting phylogeny, systematics, and biogeography of a Pleistocene radiation

Phylogenomics of the Caribbean melocacti: Cryptic species and multiple invasions

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