Revision of Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Antibody Titer Cutoff in a Maternal Antibody Screening Program in Japan: A Cohort Comparison Involving a Total of 32,000 Pregnant Women

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with congenital infections. We aimed to validate the revised CMV immunoglobulin (Ig) M titer cutoff for IgG avidity measurements as a reflex test in maternal screening to identify women with primary CMV infection and newborn congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). We screened maternal CMV antibodies (the Denka assay) in Japan, from 2017 to 2019, using a revised IgM cutoff (≥4.00 index). Participants were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies, and for IgG avidity if IgM levels exceeded the cutoff. We compared these with corresponding results from 2013 to 2017 based on the original cutoff (≥1.21) and recalculated using the revised cutoff. Newborn urine CMV DNA tests were performed for women with low avidity (≤35.0%). Among 12,832 women screened in 2017–2019, 127 (1.0%) had IgM above the revised cutoff. Thirty-five exhibited low avidity, and seven infants developed cCMV. Of 19,435 women screened in 2013–2017, 184 (1.0%) had IgM above the revised cutoff, 67 had low avidity, and 1 had cCMV. The 2017–2019 results were not significantly different from the 2013–2017 results. The revised IgM cutoff improves maternal screening in identifying primary infection and newborn cCMV; however, further study related to other assays than Denka is required.

Cytomegalovirus DNA Loads in Organs of Congenitally Infected Fetus

“…Fetal congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection occurs due to transplacental CMV transmission. According to a large study in Japan, the CMV antibody prevalence among pregnant women was 64.2% [ 1 ]. Alternatively, another large study in Japan reported that the incidence rate of neonatal cCMV infection was 0.3% [ 2 ].…”