Revising the White Racial Consciousness Development Scale

Lee, Sang Min; Puig, Ana; Pasquarella-Daley, Lauren; Denny, George; Allen, Angela; Dallape, Aprille; Parker, Woodrow M.

doi:10.1080/07481756.2007.11909798

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The WRCDS-R (Lee et al, 2007) is designed to measure White racial identity statuses that are aligned with Helms' (1990) theory of White racial identity development. The WRCDS-R consists of 40 five-point likert type items (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree) that reflect four White racial identity statuses: (1) Contact reflects naïve thoughts and ignorance about racial differences;…”

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current version of the WRCDS-R is the result of Lee et al's (2007) multi-stage approach to revising the White Racial Consciousness Development Scale (Claney & Parker, 1989). After Lee et al (2007) generated items, they conducted an exploratory factor analysis and subsequently eliminated several items and collapsed the disintegration items into the contact subscale. Next, Lee et al (2007) performed a confirmatory factor analysis on the new 40-item WRCDS-R, using a sample of 168 White counselors and counselor educators (76% female, 24% male) who were recruited through several national databases (e.g., Counselor Education Supervision Network, American Family Therapy Association) in the United States.…”

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After Lee et al (2007) generated items, they conducted an exploratory factor analysis and subsequently eliminated several items and collapsed the disintegration items into the contact subscale. Next, Lee et al (2007) performed a confirmatory factor analysis on the new 40-item WRCDS-R, using a sample of 168 White counselors and counselor educators (76% female, 24% male) who were recruited through several national databases (e.g., Counselor Education Supervision Network, American Family Therapy Association) in the United States. Results demonstrated satisfactory reliability, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients at .81 for contact, .86 for reintegration, .84 for pseudo-independence, and .71 for autonomy.…”

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also conducted a reliability analysis of the WRCDS-R using our sample, and results showed high inter-item reliability with alpha =.82 for Contact, .84 for Reintegration, .77 for Pseudo Independence, and .81 for Autonomy. Lee et al (2007) also sought to establish scale validity, so they gathered data from 402 White undergraduates (31% male, 69% female) whom they recruited from campus classes and compared their scores to the counselor group noted above (n = 168). Findings indicated that the counselor group scored higher in the advanced statuses (pseudo-independence and autonomy) than undergraduate students, suggesting that the scale may be a valid instrument.…”

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Student Teaching Experience in Diverse Settings, White Racial Identity Development and Teacher Efficacy

Bloom¹,

Peters²

2012

JEDP

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This study examined how diversity of field placement affected White student teachers’ White racial identity
(WRI) development, and the relationship between WRI and teacher efficacy. There was no change in WRI
development regardless of placement; however, as the percentage of students of color in the placement increased,
two subscales (instructional strategies, classroom management) of the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES)
decreased. A negative correlation existed between WRI (Pseudo-Independence and Contact subscales of the
White Racial Consciousness Development Scale-Revised) and subscales of the TSES. Results indicate that
teacher preparation programs critically examine Whiteness and WRI as a construct.

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Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Racial Consciousness Development Scale Revised (Wrcds-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Student Teaching Experience in Diverse Settings, White Racial Identity Development and Teacher Efficacy

Bloom¹,

Peters²

2012

JEDP

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Multicultural Counselor Training in a Single Course: Review of Research

Malott

2010

J Multicult Couns & Deve

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In an effort to provide clarity and future direction in training and research practices, this article consolidates the literature related to outcomes from a single multicultural counseling course (e.g., a course of 15 to 17 weeks). A critique of the literature and implications for future research and training are included.En un esfuerzo para proporcionar claridad y dirección para el futuro de la práctica de formación e investigación, este artículo consolida la literatura relacionada con los resultados derivados de un único curso de consejería multicultural (por ejemplo, un curso de 15 a 17 semanas). Se incluye también una crítica de la literatura y las implicaciones futuras para la investigación y formación.

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Assessing the Impact of a Race‐Based Course on Counseling Students: A Quantitative Study

Paone¹,

Malott

Barr

2015

J Multicult Couns & Deve

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This study sought to determine changes in 121 White counseling students following their participation in an experiential, race-based course taught in a group format. Pre-and postoutcomes were reported based on instruments that measured White racial identity development, White privilege, color blindness, and the costs of racism. Findings indicated significant changes according to the majority of measures, although with certain distinctions. Findings are discussed in light of the current literature.Keywords: multicultural counselor training, racism, Whiteness, counselor education, group counseling Este estudio trató de determinar los cambios en 121 estudiantes blancos de consejería después de su participación en un curso experiencial basado en la raza que se enseñó en formato de grupo. Se comunicaron los resultados previos y posteriores basándose en instrumentos que midieron el desarrollo de la identidad racial blanca, el privilegio blanco, la falta de percepción de color y los costos del racismo. Los hallazgos indicaron cambios significativos según la mayoría de mediciones, aunque con ciertas distinciones. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de las investigaciones actuales.Palabras clave: formación multicultural de consejeros, racismo, identidad blanca, educación de consejeros, consejería en grupo

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Revising the White Racial Consciousness Development Scale

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Student Teaching Experience in Diverse Settings, White Racial Identity Development and Teacher Efficacy

Student Teaching Experience in Diverse Settings, White Racial Identity Development and Teacher Efficacy

Multicultural Counselor Training in a Single Course: Review of Research

Assessing the Impact of a Race‐Based Course on Counseling Students: A Quantitative Study

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