Revising the paradigm: Are bats really pathogen reservoirs or do they possess an efficient immune system?

Weinberg, Maya; Yovel, Yossi

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104782

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Another restriction factor is that tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5) was found in multiple copies in bats, and TRIM22 was often found duplicated in some bat species, an evolutionary phenomenon not yet observed in any other lineages of mammals [ 59 ]. Other bat species possess the largest and most diverse array of APOBEC3 genes identified in any mammal reported to date [ 60 ]. On the other hand, an excellent immune system may be the reason for the resilience of bats and all indigenous Greek black pigs [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs

Jhelum,

Papatsiros,

Papakonstantinou

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The successful advancement of xenotransplantation has led to the development of highly sensitive detection systems for the screening of potentially zoonotic viruses in donor pigs and preventing their transmission to the recipient. To validate these methods, genetically modified pigs generated for xenotransplantation, numerous minipigs and other pig breeds have been tested, thereby increasing our knowledge concerning the pig virome and the distribution of pig viruses. Of particular importance are the porcine cytomegalovirus, a porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) and the hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3). PCMV/PRV has been shown to reduce the survival time of pig transplants in non-human primates and was also transmitted in the first pig heart transplantation to a human patient. The main aim of this study was to determine the sensitivities of our methods to detect PCMV/PRV, HEV3, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus-1 (PLHV-1), PLHV-2, PLHV-3, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), PCV3, PCV4 and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) and to apply the methods to screen indigenous Greek black pigs. The high number of viruses found in these animals allowed for the evaluation of numerous detection methods. Since porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) type A and B are integrated in the genome of all pigs, but PERV-C is not, the animals were screened for PERV-C and PERV-A/C. Our detection methods were sensitive and detected PCMV/PRV, PLHV-1, PLHV-1, PLHV-3, PVC3 and PERV-C in most animals. PPV1, HEV3, PCV4 and PERV-A/C were not detected. These data are of great interest since the animals are healthy and resistant to diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs

Jhelum,

Papatsiros,

Papakonstantinou

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…Nonetheless, this raises the question as to whether the immune system of E. helvum is able to clear these viruses quickly, and how long the neutralising antibodies persist after infection. Ultimately, ongoing research on the dynamics of immune responses in bats (31)(32)(33) suggests that sero-surveillance studies provide a reliable assessment of potential reservoirs for these viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of high pathogenicity virus infection inEidolon helvumfruit bats in Nigeria

Cantoni

Mayora-Neto²,

Auld

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Eidolon helvum fruit bat is the most widely distributed fruit bat in Africa and is known to be a reservoir for several pathogenic viruses that can cause disease in humans. To assess the risk of zoonotic spillover, we conducted a serological survey of 304 serum samples from E. helvum bats that were captured for human consumption in Makurdi, Nigeria. Using pseudotyped viruses, we screened the samples for neutralising antibodies against viruses from the Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae families. We report the presence of neutralising antibodies against henipavirus lineage GH-M74a virus (odds ratio 6.23; p<0.001), Nipah virus (odds ratio 4.04; p=0.00031), bat influenza H17N10 virus (odds ratio 7.25; p<0.001) and no significant association with Ebola virus (odds ratio 0.56; p=0.375) in the bat cohort. The data suggest a potential risk of zoonotic spillover including the possible circulation of highly pathogenic viruses in E. helvum populations. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining sero-surveillance of E. helvum to monitor changes in virus prevalence and distribution over time and across different geographic locations.

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“…Serologic and genetic evidence of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and other arboviruses have been identified in various bats, although the epidemiologic significance of these findings requires further study (Review: Fagre & Kading, 2019; Review: Gwee et al, 2021). Bats are frequently perceived as threats to public health as hosts of emerging pathogens, particularly viruses, although these concerns may be overstated (Review: Weinberg & Yovel, 2022). Galápagos is home to the endemic Galápagos red bat (Laciurus borealis brachyotis) and the native hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus spp.…”

Section: Vector-borne Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 1): Historical Perspective, Invasive Species, and Emerging Infectious Diseases

Jimenez,

Vega-Mariño,

Villacres

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Galápagos archipelago is a vast reservoir of terrestrial and marine biodiversity, owing in large part to its relatively recent volcanic genesis and colonization by humans. This unique ecological system is particularly susceptible to human, animal, and environmental impacts. Climate change, globalization, and the blurring of human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces are poised to bring new threats and challenges to the region. A One Health perspective that simultaneously considers human, animal, and environmental health is imperative in assessing and mitigating the challenges facing the Galápagos Islands.In Part I of this review, we provide the historical context for biodiversity in the archipelago; discuss the role of invasive species in habitat destruction, fragmentation, and competition with endemic species; and summarize the established and emerging infectious disease threats. We also discuss the imperative to implement research, surveillance, and preventative measures to identify and manage future threats from a One Health perspective, with a specific emphasis on implications for wildlife health. In Part II, we outline the socioeconomic context of life in the Galápagos Islands, evaluate the current and predicted effects of climate change, and discuss direct anthropogenic factors affecting Galápagos biodiversity, such as tourism, fishing, pollution, and the illegal wildlife trade. We also examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. Throughout this two-part review, we build a cohesive picture of One Health in the Galápagos Islands by integrating past work, current needs, and emerging threats. We also consider overarching goals for conservation, ecosystem management, and socioeconomic sustainability that have been previously defined by both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and we identify discrete, implementable, and interdisciplinary recommendations that will facilitate achievement of those goals.

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Revising the paradigm: Are bats really pathogen reservoirs or do they possess an efficient immune system?

Cited by 13 publications

References 197 publications

Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs

Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs

Serological evidence of high pathogenicity virus infection inEidolon helvumfruit bats in Nigeria

Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 1): Historical Perspective, Invasive Species, and Emerging Infectious Diseases

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