Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

Strohm, Daniela; Ellinger, Sabine; Leschik‐Bonnet, Eva; Maretzke, Friederike; Heseker, H.

doi:10.1159/000479705

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The reference values should be revised regularly. Since 2012, the D-A-CH nutrition societies have published revised reference values for the intake of several nutrients [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] but not yet for vitamin B 6 . The last update of the reference values for vitamin B 6 given by the D-A-CH nutrition societies dates to a report in 2000 [14].…”

Section: Reference Values For Nutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B6

et al. 2020

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Background: The Nutrition Societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as the joint editors of the “D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake” have revised the reference values for vitamin B6 in summer 2019. Summary: For women, the average requirement (AR) for vitamin B6 intake was derived on the basis of balance studies using a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) plasma concentration of ≥30 nmol/L as a biomarker of an adequate vitamin B6 status. The recommended intake (RI) was derived considering a coefficient of variation of 10%. The RIs of vitamin B6 for men, children, and adolescents were extrapolated from the vitamin B6 requirement for women considering differences in body weight, an allometric exponent, growth factors as appropriate, and a coefficient of variation. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, an estimated value was set based on the vitamin B6 intake via breast feeding. The reference value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was extrapolated from the estimated value for infants under 4 months of age and the average vitamin B6 requirement for adults. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the foetus and the loss via breast milk. Key Messages: According to the combined analysis of 5 balance studies, the AR for vitamin B6 to ensure a plasma PLP concentration of ≥30 nmol/L is 1.2 mg/day for adult females and the extrapolated AR for adult males is 1.3 mg/day. The corresponding RIs of vitamin B6 are 1.4 mg/day for adult females and 1.6 mg/day for adult males, independent of age. For infants, the estimated value is 0.1 mg/day and 0.3 mg/day, depending on age. The AR of vitamin B6 for children and adolescents ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/day, and the RI is between 0.6 mg/day and 1.6 mg/day. During pregnancy, the AR is 1.3 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.5 mg/day in the second and third trimesters; the RI is 1.5 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.8 mg/day in the second and third trimesters. For lactating women, the AR is 1.3 mg/day and the RI is 1.6 mg/day.

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Section: Reference Values For Nutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B6

et al. 2020

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“…Recommended K intakes in various countries worldwide often utilize the guidelines set by the North American DRIs or World Health Organization (WHO) (Strohm et al 2017;World Health Organization 2012). Despite this, few countries meet these recommendations and large global variation in K consumption exists (Weaver et al 2018).…”

Section: Potassium Intakes Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Human Nutrition: A Critical Objective for Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

Stone¹,

Weaver²

2020

Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

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Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid where it plays a key role in maintaining cell function. The majority of K consumed (60–100 mmol day−1) is lost in the urine, with the remaining excreted in the stool, and a very small amount lost in sweat. Little is known about the bioavailability of K, especially from dietary sources. Less is understood on how bioavailability may affect health outcomes. Potassium is an essential nutrient that has been labeled a shortfall nutrient by recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committees. Increases in K intake have been linked to improvements in cardiovascular and other metabolic health outcomes. There is growing evidence for the association between K intake and blood pressure (BP) reduction in adults; hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a major financial burden (US$53.2 billion) to the US public health system and has a significant impact on all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Evidence is also accumulating for the protective effect of adequate dietary K on age-related bone loss and glucose control. Understanding the benefit of K intake from various sources may help to reveal how specific compounds and tissues influence K movement within the body, and further the understanding of its role in health.

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“…[1] Reference values for nutrient intake are amounts that are assumed to r protect nearly all healthy individuals in a population from deficiency-related conditions r ensure optimal physiological and psychological performance, and r create a certain body reserve. [2] Since 2012, the D-A-CH nutrition societies have published revised reference values for the intake of several nutrients [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] but not yet for vitamin B 12 . The last update of the reference values for vitamin B 12 given by the D-A-CH nutrition societies dates to a 2000 report.…”

Section: Austria [A] and Switzerland [Ch]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2012, the D‐A‐CH nutrition societies have published revised reference values for the intake of several nutrients but not yet for vitamin B 12 . The last update of the reference values for vitamin B 12 given by the D‐A‐CH nutrition societies dates to a 2000 report .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Revised D‐A‐CH‐Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B₁₂: Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond

Schmeißer

Richter²,

González‐Gross

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland are the joint editors of the “D‐A‐CH reference values for nutrient intake”, which are revised regularly. Methods and Results By reviewing vitamin‐B 12 ‐related biomarker studies, the reference values for vitamin B 12 were revised in 2018. For adults, the estimated intake is based on the adequate serum concentrations of holotranscobalamin and methylmalonic acid. The estimated values for children and adolescents are extrapolated from the adult reference value by considering differences in body mass, an allometric exponent, and growth factors. For infants below 4 months of age, an estimated value is set based on the vitamin B 12 intake via breast milk. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the fetus and for loss via breast milk. The estimated values for vitamin B 12 intake for infants, children, and adolescents range from 0.5 to 4.0 µg d −1 . For adults, the estimated values are set at 4.0 µg d −1 , and for pregnant and lactating women, they are set at 4.5 and 5.5 µg d −1 , respectively. Conclusion Based on the data of several vitamin B 12 status biomarkers studies, the reference value for vitamin B 12 intake for adults is raised from 3.0 to 4.0 µg d −1 .

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Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>

Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>

Improving Human Nutrition: A Critical Objective for Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

The Revised D‐A‐CH‐Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B₁₂: Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond

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Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>

Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>

Improving Human Nutrition: A Critical Objective for Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

The Revised D‐A‐CH‐Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B12: Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond

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The Revised D‐A‐CH‐Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B₁₂: Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond