Revised Pourbaix diagrams for nickel at 25–300 °C

Beverskog, B.; Puigdomènech, I.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(97)00002-4

Cited by 304 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, leaching and sintering of metal nanoparticles tends to be more pronounced at low pH. Nickel at pH values below 7 can be oxidized by water or acids [78] to form Ni 2+ species. [79] To counterbalance this effect, van Haasterecht et al used addition of KOH in ethylene glycol conversion over Ni/CNF catalyst with KOH concentration between 0-1.2 M to increase the pH and improve catalyst stability (Fig.…”

Section: Improving Catalyst Stability By Process Designmentioning

confidence: 68%

Improving Heterogeneous Catalyst Stability for Liquid-phase Biomass Conversion and Reforming

Héroguel

Rozmysłowicz

Luterbacher³

2015

Chimia

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Biomass is a possible renewable alternative to fossil carbon sources. To day, many bio-resources can be converted to direct substitutes or suitable alternatives to fossil-based fuels and chemicals. However, catalyst deactivation under the harsh, often liquid-phase reaction conditions required for biomass treatment is a major obstacle to developing processes that can compete with the petrochemical industry. This review presents recently developed strategies to limit reversible and irreversible catalyst deactivation such as metal sintering and leaching, metal poisoning and support collapse. Methods aiming to increase catalyst lifetime include passivation of low-stability atoms by overcoating, creation of microenvironments hostile to poisons, improvement of metal stability, or reduction of deactivation by process engineering.

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Section: Improving Catalyst Stability By Process Designmentioning

confidence: 68%

Improving Heterogeneous Catalyst Stability for Liquid-phase Biomass Conversion and Reforming

Héroguel

Rozmysłowicz

Luterbacher³

2015

Chimia

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“…12, shows a heavily CoCr [20] can be negated for the present experiments. For nickel, the formation of NiO or Ni(OH) 2 , both with very low solubilities, [43] is expected for the encountered pH value.…”

Section: Release Of Ions and Implications For Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Corrosion behaviour of medical CoCr alloy after nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation

Lutz

Dı́az

Garcı́a

et al. 2011

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Surface treatment of medical CoCr alloys L605 by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) leads to the formation of a hard and wear resistant surface layer, consisting of nitrogen in solid solution. However, a detailed investigation of the corrosion properties by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that even at processing temperatures of 350 °C, where no CrN precipitates are observed, no complete passivation of the surface by formation of a protective Cr 2 O 3 layer is possible leading to enhanced corrosion rates further increasing with increasing PIII processing temperature. It is postulated that the enhanced affinity of chromium for nitrogen leads to a reduced mobility inside the alloy, thus prohibiting a timely surface passivation. Nevertheless, a surface modification where a moderate decrease in corrosion resistance coupled with a significant reduction in generated wear particles should be feasible for biomedical applications.

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“…at 1508C) by the brittle-to-ductile transition through serpentinization, whereas their pH is buffered to around 11 by the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide (the mineral brucite), and some cations (mainly calcium) are released to solution to balance charge [84,85]. At the same time, ferrous iron in olivine reduces some of the water to hydrogen as shown in this highly simplified reaction [85 [102][103][104][105][106][107]. A point to note here is that it is largely in the process of serpentinization that the cascade of dissipation engines relieving the Earth of its heat burden makes the fateful transition from largely physical to largely chemical FEC engines.…”

Section: Serpentinization: Life's Mother Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

The inevitable journey to being

Russell

Nitschke²,

Branscomb

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

119

159

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Life is evolutionarily the most complex of the emergent symmetry-breaking, macroscopically organized dynamic structures in the Universe. Members of this cascading series of disequilibria-converting systems, or engines in Cottrell's terminology, become ever more complicated—more chemical and less physical—as each engine extracts, exploits and generates ever lower grades of energy and resources in the service of entropy generation. Each one of these engines emerges spontaneously from order created by a particular mother engine or engines, as the disequilibrated potential daughter is driven beyond a critical point. Exothermic serpentinization of ocean crust is life's mother engine. It drives alkaline hydrothermal convection and thereby the spontaneous production of precipitated submarine hydrothermal mounds. Here, the two chemical disequilibria directly causative in the emergence of life spontaneously arose across the mineral precipitate membranes separating the acidulous, nitrate-bearing CO 2 -rich, Hadean sea from the alkaline and CH 4 /H 2 -rich serpentinization-generated effluents. Essential redox gradients—involving hydrothermal CH 4 and H 2 as electron donors, CO 2 and nitrate, nitrite, and ferric iron from the ambient ocean as acceptors—were imposed which functioned as the original ‘carbon-fixing engine’. At the same time, a post-critical-point (milli)voltage pH potential (proton concentration gradient) drove the condensation of orthophosphate to produce a high energy currency: ‘the pyrophosphatase engine’.

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Revised Pourbaix diagrams for nickel at 25–300 °C

Cited by 304 publications

References 31 publications

Improving Heterogeneous Catalyst Stability for Liquid-phase Biomass Conversion and Reforming

Improving Heterogeneous Catalyst Stability for Liquid-phase Biomass Conversion and Reforming

Corrosion behaviour of medical CoCr alloy after nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation

The inevitable journey to being

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