Revised geochronology of the Casamayoran South American Land Mammal Age: Climatic and biotic implications

Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H.; Vucetich, Marı́a Guiomar; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Mazzoni, Mario M.; Ré, Guillermo H.; Heizler, M. T.; Sandeman, H A

doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13235

Cited by 113 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, the Glyptodontoidea may be present as early as the Late Palaeocene, as tarsal remains from the Brazilian locality of Itaborai have been referred (although with doubts) to the group [34]. In any case, referrals to the Glyptodontoidea and Euphractinae trace their presence back to at least the Casamayoran, 36 Ma [17]. From this, a major problem occurs relative to the emergence of the Glyptodontoidea.…”

Section: Discussion and Implications (A) The Phylogeny Of The Cingulatamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution

et al. 2011

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The cingulates of the mammalian order Xenarthra present a typical case of disagreement between molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies. We report here the discovery of two new skulls from the Late Oligocene Salla Beds of Bolivia (approx. 26 Ma), which are the oldest known well-preserved cranial remains of the group. A new taxon is described: Kuntinaru boliviensis gen. et sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis clusters K. boliviensis together with the armadillo subfamily Tolypeutinae. These skulls document an early spotty occurrence for the Tolypeutinae at 26 Ma, in agreement with the temporal predictions of previous molecular studies. The fossil record of tolypeutines is now characterized by a unique occurrence in the Late Oligocene, and a subsequent 12 Myr lack in the fossil record. It is noteworthy that the tolypeutines remain decidedly marginal in the Late Palaeogene and Early Neogene deposits, whereas other cingulate groups diversify. Also, the anatomical phylogenetic analysis herein, which includes K. boliviensis, is congruent with recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Kuntinaru boliviensis is the oldest confident calibration point available for the whole Cingulata.

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Section: Discussion and Implications (A) The Phylogeny Of The Cingulatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the present cladistic analysis clearly shows that Cabassous and Priodontes share a high number of derived morphological characters not present in Tolypeutes, which displays rather plesiomorphic features. [17][18][19][20]). Upper case letters refer to the principal nodes.…”

Section: Discussion and Implications (A) The Phylogeny Of The Cingulatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution

et al. 2011

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“…Unlike pollen remains, phytoliths are incorporated into the soil through the decay of leaf litter, providing very specific local information. The fossil record of phytoliths from the Patagonian fossiliferous site 'Gran Barranca' (central Patagonia), where the most complete sequence of middle Cenozoic palaeo-faunas in South America is exposed 18 , has been the subject of some debate during the last years. Former studies suggested grass-dominated ecosystems during mid Eocene, including the presence of C 4 grass lineages 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil pollen records reveal a late rise of open-habitat ecosystems in Patagonia

Palazzesi

Barreda

2012

Nat Commun

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The timing of major turnovers in terrestrial ecosystems of the Cenozoic Era has been largely interpreted from the analysis of the assumed feeding preference of extinct mammals. For example, the expansion of open-habitat ecosystems (grasslands or savannas) is inferred to have occurred earlier in Patagonia than elsewhere because of the early advent of highcrowned teeth (hypsodont) mammals B26 Ma ago. However, the plant fossil record from Patagonia implies another evolutionary scenario. Here we show that the dominance of key open-habitat species-amaranths, Ephedra, asters and grasses-occurred during the last 10 Ma, about 15 Ma later than previously inferred using feeding/habitat ecology of extinct mammals. This late rise of open-landscapes in southern South America brings into question whether the expansion of open-habitat vegetation could have been the prime factor of highcrowned mammal diversification.

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“…Significantly, the horizon producing E. obscurus was the highest fossiliferous level in Feruglio's section, meaning that this specimen likely originated from a stratigraphic level chronologically equivalent to Ameghino's APS (presumably Ameghino and Feruglio's sampling localities at the Gran Barranca did not coincide exactly). Three different collectors (Ameghino, Feruglio, and Simpson) thus independently recovered E. obscurus from the highest levels of beds once considered Mustersan, but that are now regarded as pertaining to the Tinguirirican SALMA (Wyss et al, 1994;Bond et al, 1996Bond et al, , 1997Kay et al, 1999;Flynn et al, 2003;Gelfo et al, 2009). This age inference is supported by recent studies at Gran Barranca that have documented Eomorphippus only at level GBV-4 ("La Cancha"), an interval referred to the Tinguirician SALMA ) (see also : Ré et al, 2010;and Dunn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…obscurus has been reported from elsewhere in Patagonia, notably from the Gran Barranca south of Lake Colhué-Huapí, but here again evidence counters the assumed "typical" Mustersan age of some of these occurrences. First, some specimens collected from the Gran Barranca by C. Ameghino are labeled as from the "Partie la plus supérieure de couches à Astraponotus" (latest Mustersan SALMA in current terminology), or "APS" (Astraponotus plus supérieure [or "Astraponotéen plus supérieur"]) as termed by Bond et al (1996Bond et al ( , 1997 and Kay et al (1999). Second, Simpson (1967) tentatively referred a specimen collected by his team at the Gran Barrranca (AMNH FM 29462) to E. obscurus, making particular mention of its recovery from high within his Mustersan section.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Paleogene Notohippids and Leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, Central Chile

Wyss

Flynn

Croft

2018

American Museum Novitates

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Here we describe three new notohippid notoungulate species from the early Oligocene-aged Tinguiririca Fauna (Tinguirirican SALMA), recovered from volcaniclastic deposits of the Abanico Formation in the central Chilean Andes, two of which are known from material sufficiently complete to warrant formal naming. These include Eomorphippus bondi, sp. nov., a form of moderate size distinguished by hypsodont incisors and cheekteeth, as well as distinctive proportions of the upper incisors. A closely similar but more diminutive form is described as Eomorphippus neilopdykei, sp. nov. A third previously unrecognized notohippid in the Tinguiririca Fauna, best represented by a large, low-crowned, lower incisor battery, almost certainly represents a new taxon, but remains too fragmentary to warrant naming now. We also propose a new binomial for a previously named notohippid, ?Eomorphippus pascuali, originally described from Gran Barranca in Argentina but which is now also recorded in Chile. This taxon, here named Rosendo pascuali, is markedly less hypsodont than E. bondi and E. neilopdykei and retains lingual cingula on at least p4-m1. As least one leontiniid notoungulate occurs in the Tinguiririca Fauna, Termastherium flacoensis, gen. et sp. nov., best represented by two partial upper cheek toothrows and a tentatively referred maxillary fragment bearing three deciduous teeth. Collec-

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Revised geochronology of the Casamayoran South American Land Mammal Age: Climatic and biotic implications

Cited by 113 publications

References 27 publications

Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution

Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution

Fossil pollen records reveal a late rise of open-habitat ecosystems in Patagonia

New Paleogene Notohippids and Leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, Central Chile

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