Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body

Sender, Ron; Fuchs, Shai; Milo, Ron

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533

Cited by 3,590 publications

(2,002 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,924

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…RBCs represent by far the most numerous cells of the human body. An adult man is made of near 30 trillions (3 × 10 13 ) cells, excluding the microbiome [8]. RBCs account for near 84% (24.9 trillions) of total cells, and are produced with a rate of near 200 billions per day, i.e.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Advances In Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is extremely frequent worldwide, representing a major public health problem. Iron replacement therapy dates back to the seventeenth century, and has progressed relatively slowly until recently. Both oral and intravenous traditional iron formulations are known to be far from ideal, mainly because of tolerability and safety issues, respectively. At the beginning of this century, the discovery of hepcidin/ferroportin axis has represented a turning point in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of iron metabolism disorders, ushering a new era. In the meantime, advances in the pharmaceutical technologies are producing newer iron formulations aimed at minimizing the problems inherent with traditional approaches. The pharmacokinetic of oral and parenteral iron is substantially different, and diversities have become even clearer in light of the hepcidin master role in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Here we review how iron therapy is changing because of such important advances in both pathophysiology and pharmacology.

show abstract

Section: Pathophysiological Advances In Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Remarkably, at any given moment, 90% of total cell numbers of the organism originates from or resides in the BM, with anuclear erythrocytes and platelets accounting for the majority of it. 25 A detailed census of BM hematopoietic cellular constituents in humans and animal models has been generated through the use of flow cytometry ( Table 2). Despite the transient and dynamic nature of its hematopoietic components, which results in an everchanging cellular landscape, the relative proportions of different lineages remain consistently uniform between different bone cavities, strongly arguing for the existence of robust systemic signals that control BM cellular content.…”

Section: Cellular Content Of Bm Tissues In Mice and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow

Nombela‐Arrieta

Manz

2017

Blood Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.Since Neumann and Bizzozero independently proposed in 1868 that the origin of blood cells was to be found in soft tissues contained inside bone cavities, the bone marrow (BM) has continued to fascinate scientists and clinicians alike. 1,2 Yet more than a century later, our understanding of how the hematopoietic, immune, and bone-forming tasks of the BM are tightly controlled and integrated in the context of one common anatomical space is still incomplete. Methodological approaches and advances to study BM tissuesEarly studies on BM cellular composition and microarchitecture date back to the 19th century when the first biopsies of marrow content were performed in living individuals. 3 Microscopic observation of BM smears and examination of histological sections became the standard technique, which is still used to this day to study, diagnose, and classify hematologic disorders. The realization in the post-World War II era that transplantation of BM cells from healthy individuals could rescue the lethal effects of high-dose irradiation on hematopoiesis galvanized scientific interest in BM and lead to the development of methods to detect and measure hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) activity, absolute cellularity, lineage-specific half-lives, and kinetics of cell production in the BM of humans and in laboratory animals. 4,5 Gradual improvements in light and electron microscopy further refined the understanding of the quantitative composition and ultrastructural features of BM tissues. 6 The biggest leap in the fields of immunology and hematology came with the advent of recombinant antibody technology and flow cytometry in the 1960s. These breakthroughs permitted the identification, quantification, and isolation of diverse populations from highly heterogeneous cell suspensions through detection of phenotypic traits. 5 Indeed, to this day, flow cytometry remains the technological mainstay for the study and dissection of the hematopoietic system.Immunolabeling methods were further adopted in modern fluorescence-based microscopy to discriminate cellular phenotypes in tissue sections and study cellular organization in the BM. In recent years, confocal microscopy has become the most popular modality to define spatial relationships and study developmental-stage specific localization patterns, with a keen interest of many groups in the dissection of HSPC niches. 7 In addition, intravital multiphoton microscopy is employed to obtain dyna...

show abstract

“…The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a community of approximately 10 14 microorganisms living within the human host 87. Interaction with the host/microbiome and disease entities, such as NAFLD, obesity, and diabetes, can provide insight into developing new therapies to target metabolic diseases.…”

Section: Nuclear Receptors As Therapeutic Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear receptors and liver disease: Summary of the 2017 basic research symposium

Tran

Liu

Huang

et al. 2018

Hepatology Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nuclear receptor superfamily contains important transcriptional regulators that play pleiotropic roles in cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and metabolic processes to govern liver physiology and pathology. Many nuclear receptors are ligand‐activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of their target genes by modulating transcriptional activities and epigenetic changes. Additionally, the protein complex associated with nuclear receptors consists of a multitude of coregulators, corepressors, and noncoding RNAs. Therefore, acquiring new information on nuclear receptors may provide invaluable insight into novel therapies and shed light on new interventions to reduce the burden and incidence of liver diseases. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:765‐777)

show abstract

Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body

Cited by 3,590 publications

References 46 publications

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow

Nuclear receptors and liver disease: Summary of the 2017 basic research symposium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About