Revised equations for Manning's coefficient for Sand‐Bed Rivers

Ghani, Aminuddin Ab; Zakaria, Nor Azazi; Chang, Chun Kiat; Ariffin, Junaidah; Hasan, Zorkeflee Abu; Ghaffar, Ahmad Bakri Abdul

doi:10.1080/15715124.2007.9635331

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Five values of Manning's coefficient were evaluated for this sandy, meandering stream: 0.01, the original 0.02, 0.03, 0.035 and 0.04. All of the evaluated values were within the range of those recorded in previous literature (Ghani et al, 2007;Land and Water Australia 2009). Arcement and Schneider (1989) found that streambed roughness tends to increase with particle size, degree of meandering and irregularity.…”

Section: Model Calibrationsupporting

confidence: 69%

Understanding salt transport in the hyporheic zone of ephemeral streams

Wu¹

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This research was driven by portentous water management complications that transpired due to the accumulation of large volumes of saline water within the Bowen Basin coal mines during recent years. The ongoing realities of either low or no flow hydrographs within semiarid regions, together with tightened discharge criteria, have resulted in restricted discharge opportunities; these restrictions render it impossible to meet mines' discharge demands.Considering the potentially deleterious impacts of saline discharge on biota and water quality for downstream water users, concerns regarding the saline discharge criteria in ephemeral streams have been raised. Hyporheic exchange, which is the interaction between stream water and subsurface water, might affect the outcome of the discharged saline water. However, fundamental knowledge is currently missing in regards to salt transport in the hyporheic zone within ephemeral streams. More specifically, research about the potential consequences of salt exchange to flow dynamics and the impacts of the drying and rewetting of the hyporheic zones in ephemeral streams on salt movement has not yet been conducted. Consequently, the aim of this research is to investigate hyporheic exchange in the salt transport process within ephemeral streams, and further, to identify the major factors that control salt transport.Streambed sediments were collected for the salt storage quantification from Cherwell Creek, which is an ephemeral stream within the Bowen Basin. Spatial and temporal variations of streambed salt storage were investigated, and factors impacting the distribution of salt storage were explored. Vertically, peak storages were found in the top twenty centimetres of the streambed, and below that depth, the salt storage variation was negligible. The spatial variations in the surface sediment salt storage were found to be related to the streambed surface elevation. The temporal variation of salt storage suggested that the duration of evaporation strongly impacted the amount of streambed salt storage.Low flows tend to dominate areas within Cherwell Creek. Under low flow conditions, stream water flows along the bedform meanders. Past research has shown that reach-scale meanders can induce hyporheic exchange, but the processes, which are driven by bedform meanders, are largely unknown. This research hypothesised that hyporheic exchange can also be induced by bedform meanders. Field measurements of hydraulic head and salinity distributions were conducted in a bedform meander within Cherwell Creek. Minimal exchange was observed between surface and subsurface water. The hydraulic head distributions within the meander suggested that subsurface water flowed from the centre to iii the sides of the meander. This finding revealed a fundamental difference between processes driven by bedform scale meanders and reach scale meanders. A bedform meander is submerged by surface water during the peak flow period, and during the recession period, the water level drops rapidly, and accordingl...

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Section: Model Calibrationsupporting

confidence: 69%

Understanding salt transport in the hyporheic zone of ephemeral streams

Wu¹

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“…Study Area. Perak is the second largest state in Malaysia in terms of land area (21 006 km 2 ) (Ghani et al, 2007). It is bordered by Thailand and Kedah in the north, Penang in the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang in the east, Selangor in the south, and the Malacca Strait to the west (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Assessment and Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Temporal Trends

Gazzaz¹,

Yusoff²,

Juahir

et al. 2013

Water Environment Research

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This study investigated relationships of a water quality index (WQI) with multiple water quality variables (WQVs), explored variability in water quality over time and space, and established linear and non-linear models predictive of WQI from raw WQVs. Data were processed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and artificial neural network modeling. Correlation analysis indicated that from a temporal perspective, the WQI, temperature, and zinc, arsenic, chemical oxygen demand, sodium, and dissolved oxygen concentrations increased, whereas turbidity and suspended solids, total solids, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations decreased with year. From a spatial perspective, an increase with distance of the sampling station from the headwater was exhibited by 10 WQVs: magnesium, calcium, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, temperature, NO3-N, arsenic, chloride, potassium, and sodium. At the same time, the WQI; Escherichia coli bacteria counts; and suspended solids, total solids, and dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased with distance from the headwater. Lastly, regression and artificial neural network models with high prediction powers (81.2% and 91.4%, respectively) were developed and are discussed.

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“…It was constructed in 2000 with the intention of raising the water supply of Perak by 25%. This dam can provide 639,000 m 3 of water daily and is expected to satisfy the water demand in Kinta Valley until 2020 (Ghani et al, 2007).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capital of Perak is the city of Ipoh. It is situated in Kinta Valley which overlies a limestone bed that is overlooked by limestone outcrops and bounded by the Kledang and Titiwangsa granite ranges from the west and east, respectively (Ghani et al, 2007).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%