Revised age of proximal deposits in the Zagros foreland basin and implications for Cenozoic evolution of the High Zagros

Fakhari, Mohammad D.; Axen, Gary J.; Horton, Brian K.; Hassanzadeh, Jamshid; Amini, Abdolhossein

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.064

Cited by 168 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…7b). This prediction is consistent with recent dating studies that have shown that the age of the Bakhtyari and Agha Jari formations between the northern and southern Zagros are significantly different (Homke et al 2004;Fakhari et al 2008;Khadivi et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Alavi, 2004Alavi, , 2007Fakhari et al 2008;Heydari, 2008;Khadivi et al 2010). This succession passes upwards from shallow marine supratidal and sabkha deposits at the base (Gachsaran Formation), into reefal carbonates (Guri Member present mainly in the eastern Zagros) and shallow marine marls (Mishan Formation) into marginal marine estuarine or tidal flat sediments (basal part of Agha Jari Formation) and finally into sand-and then gravel-dominated fluvial deposits at the top (middle-upper Agha Jari and Bakhtyari formations).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on the present-day distance between the southern coast of the Persian coast, which is where modern equivalents of the Guri Member are found, and 'ancient' Guri Member outcrops in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, this would require approximately 400 km of southward migration. Although the age of the Guri Member is not well constrained, it is thought to be approximately Middle Miocene (James & Wynd, 1965;Kashfi, 1984;Fakhari et al 2008). Taking an age of 15 Ma for the Guri Member deposits in the north would imply a southward depozone migration rate of about 27 mm yr −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BK1b is overlain by BK1a or locally by BK1c, which indicates a return to the 'normal' foreland-advancing prograding braided river system. It is important to bear in mind that in the High Zagros this deposit is significantly older than typical Bakhtyari deposits exposed in more external parts of the Zagros foreland basin (Fakhari et al 2008;Khadivi et al 2010).…”

Section: D3 Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ph.D. thesis, Univ. de Barcelona, 2008;Fakhari et al 2008;Khadivi et al 2010; see also Saura et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neogene sediments and modern depositional environments of the Zagros foreland basin system

et al. 2011

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-A sedimentological investigation of the Neogene deposits of the Zagros foreland basin in SW Iran reveals a continuous and largely gradational passage from supratidal and sabkha sediments at the base (represented by the Gachsaran Formation) to carbonates and marine marls (Mishan Formation with basal Guri carbonate member) followed by coastal plain and meandering river deposits (Agha Jari Formation) and finally to braided river gravel sheets (Bakhtyari Formation). This vertical succession is interpreted to represent the southward migration of foreland basin depozones (from distal foredeep and foredeep to distal wedge-top and proximal wedge-top, respectively) as the Zagros fold-thrust belt migrated progressively southward towards the Arabian foreland. This vertical succession bears a striking similarity to modern depositional environments and sedimentary deposits observed in the Zagros region today, where one passes from mainly braided rivers in the Zagros Mountains to meandering rivers close to the coast, to shallow marine clastic sediments along the northern part of the Persian Gulf and finally to carbonate ramp and sabkha deposits along the southeastern coast of the Persian Gulf. This link between the Neogene succession and the modern-day depositional environments strongly suggests that the major Neogene formations of the Zagros foreland basin are strongly diachronous (as shown recently by others) and have active modern-day equivalents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D3 Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ph.D. thesis, Univ. de Barcelona, 2008;Fakhari et al 2008;Khadivi et al 2010; see also Saura et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neogene sediments and modern depositional environments of the Zagros foreland basin system

et al. 2011

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Zagros “phantom earthquakes” reassessed—The interplay of seismicity and deep salt flow in the Simply Folded Belt?

et al. 2014

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Unraveling the contributions of main shock slip, aftershocks, aseismic afterslip, and postseismic relaxation to the deformation observed in earthquake sequences heightens our understanding of crustal rheology, triggering phenomena, and seismic hazard. Here, we revisit two recent earthquakes in the Zagros mountains (Iran) which exhibited unusual and contentious aftereffects. The M w ∼6 earthquakes at Qeshm (2005) and Fin (2006) are both associated with large interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) signals, consistent with slip on steep reverse faults in carbonate rocks of the middle sedimentary cover, but small aftershocks detected with local seismic networks were concentrated at significantly greater depths. This discrepancy can be interpreted in one of two ways: either (1) there is a genuine vertical separation between main shock and aftershocks, reflecting a complex stress state near the basement-cover interface, or (2) the aftershocks delimit the main shock slip and the InSAR signals were caused by shallow, updip afterslip (phantom earthquakes) with very similar magnitudes, mechanisms, and geographical positions as the original earthquakes. Here, we show that main shock centroid depths obtained from body waveform modeling-which in this instance is the only method that can reveal for certain the depth at which seismic slip was centered-strongly support the first interpretation. At Qeshm, microseismic aftershock depths are centered at the level of the Hormuz Formation, an Infracambrian sequence of intercalated evaporitic and nonevaporitic sediments. These aftershocks may reflect the breaking up of harder Hormuz sediments and adjacent strata as the salt flows in response to main shock strain at the base of the cover. This work bolsters recent suggestions that most large earthquakes in the Zagros are contained within carbonate rocks in the midlower sedimentary cover and that the crystalline basement shortens mostly aseismically.

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Forward propagation of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt constrained from magnetostratigraphy of growth strata

et al. 2014

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The temporal evolution of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt is constrained by a magnetostratigraphic sequence containing a progressive unconformity on the southern limb of the Kuh-e Ghol Ghol anticline, in the Central Fars. The investigated~1400 m thick sequence exposes a regressive megacycle containing, from bottom to top, open and shallow marine marls and sandy limestones, fine-to coarse-grained fluvial deposits and alluvial conglomerates. Correlating the magnetostratigraphic section with the geomagnetic polarity time scale constrains the transition from marine to fluvial sediment deposition at~6 Ma. This transition was accompanied by a change in the accumulation rate from~15 cm/ka to~40 cm/ka, as measured on lithified sediments. Alluvial river deposits first occurred at~3.2 Ma. The Kuh-e Ghol Ghol anticline began to grow at~3.8 Ma, witnessing fastest limb rotation rates of 40°/Ma at~3.3 Ma. Reporting magnetostratigraphic sections and ages of growth strata on a map of NE Fars reveal an~1 cm/a, southwestward migration rate of the deformation front during the middle and late Miocene.

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Revised age of proximal deposits in the Zagros foreland basin and implications for Cenozoic evolution of the High Zagros

Cited by 168 publications

References 35 publications

Neogene sediments and modern depositional environments of the Zagros foreland basin system

Neogene sediments and modern depositional environments of the Zagros foreland basin system

Zagros “phantom earthquakes” reassessed—The interplay of seismicity and deep salt flow in the Simply Folded Belt?

Forward propagation of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt constrained from magnetostratigraphy of growth strata

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