Reviewing the Horizon: The Future of Extended Reality and Artificial Intelligence in Neurorehabilitation for Brain Injury Recovery

Abstract

People with disorders of consciousness, either as a consequence of an acquired brain injury or a traumatic brain injury, may pose serious challenges to medical and/or rehabilitative centers with an increased burden on caregivers and families. The objectives of this study were as follows: to explore the use of extended reality as a critical means of rehabilitative support in people with disorders of consciousness and brain injuries; to evaluate its impact on recovery processes; to assess the improvements in the participants’ quality of life, and to reduce the burden on families and caregivers by using extended reality and artificial-intelligence-based programs. A selective review of the newest empirical studies on the use of extended reality and artificial-intelligence-based interventions in patients with brain injuries and disorders of consciousness was conducted over the last decade. The potential for bias in this selective review is acknowledged. A conceptual framework was detailed. The data showed that extended reality and artificial-intelligence-based programs successfully enhanced the adaptive responding of the participants involved, and improved their quality of life. The burden on caregivers and families was reduced accordingly. Extended reality and artificial intelligence may be viewed as crucial means of recovery in people with disorders of consciousness and brain injuries.