Reviewing electrochemical stability of ionic liquids-/deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes in lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries for green and safe energy

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

“…The chemical structure, active site leaching, and some external factors often contribute to the stability of the catalyst. ,, The reason for the slowly decline of the catalytic performances during the cycling was investigated. As shown in Figure , the appearance color of the catalyst changes from white to brown black after use.…”

Another Piece of the Ionic Liquid’s Puzzle: Adsorption of Cl– Ions

“…This allows the derivation of suitable cation and anion combinations for the specific research question or possible application. , Among other excellent properties, ILs are salts with considerable liquid ranges, remarkable electrochemical stability, and low vapor pressure . At the same time, the ILs electrolyte conductivities are lower than expected due to the strong correlations between the ions, evident from the high viscosities and low diffusion coefficients. − ILs have been studied as promising electrolytes for energy conversion devices and in industrial applications as reaction media, solvents, lubricants, and performance additives. − Along with common ILs, polymerized ILs have attracted notable interest . In these ILs, the properties of IL monomers (e.g., high ionic conductivity and thermal stability) are integrated into the polymers.…”

Sustainable Tandem Strategy for Recycling the Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode and Treating Waste by Cheap and Biocompatible Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…By rational design and appropriate selection of constituents and concentration, DESs could be designed to be low-cost, biodegradable, and task-specific. − Although there are some disputes on the nature, greenness, and high viscosity of DESs, − DESs have attracted much attention as a result of the low melting point, easy synthesis, wide liquid range, and high tunability. , DESs are regarded as analogous ionic liquids (ILs); both DESs and ILs show a liquid state near room temperature, own lower volatility than volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and have high designability. − DESs are easier to be prepared, and the atom efficiency of DESs is higher than that of ILs; in this sense, DESs are deemed as IL alternatives . Some DESs are reported to be unstable , and toxic; − instead, it could be overcome by applying the high tunability of DESs. Therefore, DESs have been applied in many fields, ,− including acting as green solvents for lithium-ion battery (LIB) dissolution and recovery. − …”