Reviewing Chandipura: A Vesiculovirus in Human Epidemics

Abstract

Chandipura virus, a member of the rhabdoviridae family and vesiculovirus genera, has recently emerged as human pathogen that is associated with a number of outbreaks in different parts of India. Although, the virus closely resembles with the prototype vesiculovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, it could be readily distinguished by its ability to infect humans. Studies on Chandipura virus while shed light into distinct stages of viral infection; it may also allow us to identify potential drug targets for antiviral therapy. In this review, we have summarized our current understanding of Chandipura virus life cycle at the molecular detail with particular interest in viral RNA metabolisms, namely transcription, replication and packaging of viral RNA into nucleocapsid structure. Contemporary research on otherwise extensively studied family member Vesicular Stomatitis Virus has also been addressed to present a more comprehensive picture of vesiculovirus life cycle. Finally, we reveal examples of protein economy in Chandipura virus life-cycle whereby each viral protein has evolved complexity to perform multiple tasks.

Intraviral protein interactions of Chandipura virus

“…We have also demonstrated two non-interacting protein partners, i.e., M-P and G-P. This result could be supported by the predicted structure and assembly of the virus, as these proteins have not been observed to come into close vicinity of each other during any stage of the viral life cycle [3]. Our results established all four proteins (N, P, M and G) to be self-interacting.…”

“…CHPV packages an 11.2-kb-long negative-sense, single-stranded RNA encoding five different proteins, i.e., Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P), Matrix protein (M), Glycoprotein (G) and Large protein (L) [3]. CHPV, a member of the genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae [1], is so far the only known fatal human pathogen of the family apart from rabies virus.…”

Wnt5a–Rac1–NF-κB Homeostatic Circuitry Sustains Innate Immune Functions in Macrophages

“…5F-5H). In addition, upon infection with a pathogenic negative-stranded RNA virus of the rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus) family known to infect murine macrophages, namely CHPV (37,58,59) at MOI of ∼0.05 (Fig. 6A, 6B) or 0.5 (Fig.…”

G gene-deficient single-round rabies viruses for neuronal circuit analysis

“…Infections of humans by VSV are rare, and healthy individuals are asymptomatic or exhibit mild flu symptoms. However, the recent isolation of VSV-like Chandipura virus or of the novel Bas-Congo virus from patients suffering from encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever, respectively, indicate a pathogenic potential of rhabdoviruses (Basak et al, 2007;Grard et al, 2012). The contrasting hit-and-run and stealth strategies of VSV and RABV, respectively, are illustrated already in tissue culture.…”