Review: Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer

Narayanan, Deevya L.; Saladi, Rao N.; Fox, Joshua

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x

Cited by 930 publications

(772 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition to DNA damage, cell proliferation is a determining factor in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Skin, in addition to the gastrointestinal epithelium and bone marrow, display relatively high levels of cell proliferation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of skin cancer by the circadian rhythm

Gaddameedhi

Selby²,

Kaufmann

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

266

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Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The main cause of this cancer is DNA damage induced by the UV component of sunlight. In humans and mice, UV damage is removed by the nucleotide excision repair system. Here, we report that a rate-limiting subunit of excision repair, the xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein, and the excision repair rate exhibit daily rhythmicity in mouse skin, with a minimum in the morning and a maximum in the afternoon/evening. In parallel with the rhythmicity of repair rate, we find that mice exposed to UV radiation (UVR) at 4:00 AM display a decreased latency and about a fivefold increased multiplicity of skin cancer (invasive squamous cell carcinoma) than mice exposed to UVR at 4:00 PM. We conclude that time of day of exposure to UVR is a contributing factor to its carcinogenicity in mice, and possibly in humans.circadian clock | cryptochrome | sunbathing | tanning salons S kin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. With over 1.3 million new cases each year, it constitutes nearly 40% of all diagnosed cancers (1). Moreover, because of changes in lifestyle and the environment, the incidence of skin cancer is steadily increasing (2). The main causative agent of skin cancer is the UV component of sunlight. UV radiation (UVR) produces two major lesions in DNA, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and the (6-4) photoproduct [(6-4) PP], both of which are mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal model systems and are thought to be the primary cause of skin cancer in humans (3-7).In mice and humans, nucleotide excision repair is the sole repair system for removing CPDs and (6-4) PPs from DNA. As a consequence, humans with hereditary mutations in excision repair genes suffer from xeroderma pigmentosum, a syndrome characterized by a nearly 5,000-fold increase in skin cancer in sunlight-exposed areas of the afflicted individuals (8). Excision repair involves photoproduct removal by dual incisions bracketing the lesion, removal of the damage in the form of a 24-to 32-nt-long oligomer, filling in the resulting single-stranded gap, and sealing by ligase (9). The dual incision is carried out by six excision repair factors: RPA, xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), XPC, TFIIH, XPG, and XPF-ERCC1 (10). Recently, in a study that analyzed liver and brain tissues from mice, it was found that XPA, a critical protein involved in damage recognition and a rate-limiting factor in excision repair, is controlled by the core molecular circadian clock (11, 12). As a consequence, excision repair activity exhibited circadian rhythmicity in these organs, increasing during the day to reach a maximum at 4-6:00 PM and decreasing during the night to a minimum at 4-6:00 AM.Here we analyzed the expression pattern of XPA and excision repair activity in mouse skin. We found that protein and repair activity exhibit a circadian rhythm similar to that found in the liver and brain. To determine whether this rhythmicity affected UV-induced skin cancer development we exposed a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main causative agent of skin cancer is the UV component of sunlight. UV radiation (UVR) produces two major lesions in DNA, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and the (6-4) photoproduct [(6-4) PP], both of which are mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal model systems and are thought to be the primary cause of skin cancer in humans (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of skin cancer by the circadian rhythm

Gaddameedhi

Selby²,

Kaufmann

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

266

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Inflammation is also involved in other UVR-related cutaneous conditions including photosensitivity disorders, photoageing, and skin cancer [119][120][121].…”

Section: Sunburn Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PGE 2 can mediate the initial inflammatory phase but later on it can play a part in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair [128]; furthermore, continuous production of PGE 2 in unresolved inflammation may contribute to the immune suppression observed in photocarcinogenesis [120]. 12-HETE is a potent leukocyte chemoattract but can also be involved in keratinocyte and fibroblast mediated healing events [31,35], whilst 15-HETE and 13-HODE may assist in restricting pro-inflammatory signals [65,83].…”

Section: Sunburn Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosanoids in skin inflammation

Nicolaou

2013

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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SummaryEicosanoids play an integral part in homeostatic mechanisms related to skin health and structural integrity. They also mediate inflammatory events developed in response to environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and inflammatory and allergic disorders, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. This review article discusses biochemical aspects related to cutaneous eicosanoid metabolism, the contribution of these potent autacoids to skin inflammation and related conditions, and considers the importance of nutritional supplementation with bioactives such as omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and plant-derived antioxidants as means of addressing skin health issues.2

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“…Researchers showed that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the solar would be a principal cause of skin melanoma [13,14]. The bigger the UPF worth, the longer a person can stay within the sun until the area of epidermis underneath the material turns into red.…”

Section: Uv-protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel study on UV protection and antibacterial properties of washed denim garment

Pervez¹,

Rahman²,

Yu³

et al. 2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. On this planet, many investigations are applied to switch conventional chemical cloth techniques via ecopleasant and economically attractive bioprocesses using enzymes. The present study offers an enzymatic washing system using enzyme (Cellzyme SPL H/C) for boosting the ultraviolet and antimicrobial undertaking of denim garments. Experimental results showed that the 4.0% o.w.f enzyme awareness furnished a greater UPF than the other concentrations and before washed. Results divulge that enzyme (Cellzyme SPL H/C) not handiest preserve the fabric surface from UV degradation but also performed extended degree of antibacterial endeavour in opposition to some species of bacteria that leading to act as a nice antibacterial agent on the denim materials. The enzyme washing healing diminished the skin hairiness and accelerated the skin evenness of the denim fibres as shown by means of SEM measurements.

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Review: Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer

Cited by 930 publications

References 57 publications

Control of skin cancer by the circadian rhythm

Control of skin cancer by the circadian rhythm

Eicosanoids in skin inflammation

A novel study on UV protection and antibacterial properties of washed denim garment

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