Review: Risks of disease transmission through semen in cattle

Givens, M. Daniel

doi:10.1017/s1751731118000708

Cited by 63 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Additionally, the artificial insemination practice was followed in all the farms under investigation, however, there was no evidence of screening the semen for C. burnetii. The C. burnetii has been considered among the list of pathogens having the potential to transmitting the infection through the contaminated semen in bovines [39]. None of the farms were following regular floor and farm equipment(s) disinfection procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India

et al. 2020

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Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen infecting wide range of mammals, including humans. In the present study, a total of 711 blood samples from bovines [cattle (n = 543) and buffaloes (n = 168)] from eight farms at different geographical locations in India were screened for C. burnetii targeting the IS1111 and the com1 genes. The anti-C. burnetii antibodies in serum samples were detected using indirect-ELISA kits. Also, a total of 21 parameters pertaining to animal health and farm management were identified to assess their role as possible risk factors for coxiellosis among the targeted farms. The apparent prevalence (positive for PCR and/or ELISA) for coxiellosis was reported to be 24.5% in cattle and 8.9% in buffaloes. In cattle, the detection rate of C. burnetii employing the IS1111 gene (8.5%) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the com1 (6.5%) gene. The seropositivity by ELISA was higher among cattle (17.7%) than in buffaloes (8.3%). Further, on univariable analysis of risk factors, species (cattle) (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India

et al. 2020

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“…Ureaplasma diversum is a commensal of the vagina and prepuce, and in pregnant cows an ascending infection can occur, causing abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy ( 138 ). Ureaplasma have also been shown to attach to spermatozoides ( 139 ) and may be spread through insemination ( 140 ). In Australia, infection in cattle has been confirmed, but without evidence of disease ( 63 , 64 ), while in New Zealand, U. diversum has been associated with abortions and vaginitis ( 66 ).…”

Section: Abortifacients In Australia and New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Diagnostic Procedures and Approaches to Infectious Causes of Reproductive Failures of Cattle in Australia and New Zealand

2018

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Infectious causes of reproductive failure in cattle are important in Australia and New Zealand, where strict biosecurity protocols are in place to prevent the introduction and spread of new diseases. Neospora caninum ranks highly as an important cause of reproductive wastage along with fungal and bacterial infections. Brucella, a leading cause of abortion elsewhere in the world, is foreign, following successful programs to control and eradicate the disease. Leptospirosis in cattle is largely controlled by vaccination, while Campylobacter and Tritrichomonas infections occur at low rates. In both countries, Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection rates as the second most economically important disease of cattle and one that also has an effect on reproduction. Effective disease control strategies require rapid diagnoses at diagnostic laboratories. To facilitate this process, this review will discuss the infectious causes of reproductive losses present in both countries, their clinical presentation and an effective pathway to a diagnosis.

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“…Although this review relates primarily to cows, there is evidence that young bulls exposed to BHV-1 at about six months of age had reduced sperm quality six months later [88]. Givens [89] recently reviewed the effects of a number of viral diseases on bulls and the transmission risks of these diseases via semen.…”

Section: Bovine Herpesvirus-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tMany viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.

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Review: Risks of disease transmission through semen in cattle

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India

Apparent prevalence and risk factors of coxiellosis (Q fever) among dairy herds in India

Review of Diagnostic Procedures and Approaches to Infectious Causes of Reproductive Failures of Cattle in Australia and New Zealand

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

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