Review—Review of Safety Aspects of Calendar Aged Lithium Ion Batteries

Geisbauer, Christian; Wöhrl, Katharina; Mittmann, Christoph; Schweiger, Hans−Georg

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab89bf

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…107,111 Usually, thermal runaway temperature is defined as where the heat generation rate exceeds 1 • C/s. Membrane melting-induced short circuit is the most frequent reason for thermal runaway, 112 while the reactions between plated Li and the electrolyte, the released oxygen from the cathode and the anode are also the reasons under some abuse conditions, such as high rate, overcharge, and overdischarge, etc. ( Figure 6B).…”

Section: Battery Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on sustainable energy materials for lithium batteries

Cheng

Lin

Yuan

et al. 2021

SusMat

235

147

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Lithium ion battery has achieved great success in portable electronics and even recently electronic vehicles since its commercialization in 1990s. However, lithium-ion batteries are confronted with several issues in terms of the sustainable development such as the high price of raw materials and electronic products, the emerging safety accidents, etc. The recent progresses are herein emphasized on lithium batteries for energy storage to clearly understand the sustainable energy chemistry and emerging energy materials. The Perspective presents novel lithium-ion batteries developed with the aims of enhancing the electrochemical performance and sustainability of energy storage systems. First, revolutionary material chemistries, including novel low-cobalt cathode, organic electrode, and aqueous electrolyte, are discussed. Then, the characteristics of safety performance are analyzed and strategies to enhance safety are subsequently evaluated. Battery recycling is considered as the key factor for a sustainable society and related technologies are present as well. Finally, conclusion and outlook are drawn to shed lights on the further development of sustainable lithium-ion batteries.

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Section: Battery Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on sustainable energy materials for lithium batteries

Cheng

Lin

Yuan

et al. 2021

SusMat

235

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In combination with a combustible gas-air mixture from a venting cell and an ignition source-i.e., sparks-the ignition can result in an explosion [22]. The actual temperatures and their corresponding reactions depend on many factors, like the cell type [23] and the state of health [24]. The appearance of a thermal runaway can occur right away after an accident, delayed or not at all-depending on the state of damage of the high voltage battery [25,26].…”

Section: Risk Analysis For Rescue Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The audible consequences are hissing and crackling for pouch and prismatic cells, as well as deflagration for cylindrical cells [65]; (3) Gas analysis: The first impression of a ruptured traction system would be a sweet solvent-like odor, typical for leaking electrolyte [65]. In addition, portable gas detection systems can be used to obtain information about the released gases; (4) Thermal analysis: The temperature of a lithium ion cell is a good indicator for its state in regard of safety [24,66]. Two opportunities to measure the temperature would be directly attached thermocouples or an infrared (IR) camera.…”

Section: Observation Period Of the Not Burning Battery (Nf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crashed Electric Vehicle Handling and Recommendations—State of the Art in Germany

et al. 2021

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In the near future, electric powered vehicles will represent a major part of the road traffic. Accordingly, there will be a natural increase of accidents involving electric vehicles. There are not many cases of such accidents yet and therefore the experience and correct handling are still partially open points for the involved parties, such as the rescue services for example. The aim of this work is to provide a complete overview of the accident handling sequence in Germany, starting with the damaged vehicle on site and moving on to the risks and challenges for the stakeholders, such as transport and recycling companies. Arising from the developed overview, a handling recommendation for yet undiscussed points is given. Especially, different extinguishing and deactivation methods are compared and discussed. Due to a lack of a common live-feed from battery data on site, other criteria have to be taken into account to assess the state of the battery. The wrecked vehicle—including the high voltage system—needs to be in a definite safe state at the handover to a towing service. Depending on the case, different options for securing the vehicle will be considered in this work.

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“…This degradation affects both the amount of charge that can be stored in the battery as well as the power that can be delivered. Battery degradation also affects fire safety and thermal runaway properties (Geisbauer, Wöhrl, Mittmann, & Schweiger, 2020;Ren et al, 2019), but this paper focuses on data-driven diagnostics for state of health (SOH) estimation. Thus, the monitoring of the degradation of capacity for maritime battery systems based on sensor data will be addressed in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Data-Driven Snapshot Method for State of Health Modelling and Diagnostics of Maritime Battery Systems

Vanem

Bruch²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

PHM_CONF

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Battery systems are increasingly being used for powering ocean going ships, and the number of fully electric or hybrid ships relying on battery power for propulsion and manoeuvring is growing. In order to ensure the safety of such electric ships, it is of paramount importance to monitor the available energy that can be stored in the batteries, and classification societies typically require that the state of health of the batteries can be verified by independent tests - annual capacity tests. However, this paper discusses data-driven diagnostics for state of health modelling for maritime battery systems based on operational sensor data collected from the batteries as an alternative approach. There are different strategies for such data-driven diagnostics. Some approaches, referred to as cumulative damage models, require full operational history of the batteries in order to predict state of health, and this may be impractical due to several reason. Thus, snapshot methods that are able to give reliable estimation of state of health based on only snapshots of the data streams are attractive candidates for data-driven diagnostics of battery systems on board ships. In this paper, data-driven snapshot methods are explored and applied to a novel set of degradation data from battery cells cycled in laboratory tests. The paper presents the laboratory tests, the resulting battery data, shows how relevant features can be extracted from snapshots of the data and presents data-driven models for state of health prediction. It is discussed how such methods could be utilized in a data-driven classification regime for maritime battery systems. Results are encouraging, and yields reasonable degradation estimates for 40% of the tested cells. This is greatly improved if data from the actual cell is included in the training data, and indicates that better results can be achieved if more representative training data is available. Nevertheless, improved accuracy is required for such snapshot methods to be recommended for ships in actual operation.

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Review—Review of Safety Aspects of Calendar Aged Lithium Ion Batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

A perspective on sustainable energy materials for lithium batteries

A perspective on sustainable energy materials for lithium batteries

Crashed Electric Vehicle Handling and Recommendations—State of the Art in Germany

A Data-Driven Snapshot Method for State of Health Modelling and Diagnostics of Maritime Battery Systems

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