Review—Passive Film Properties and Electrochemical Response of Different Phases in a Cu-Alloyed Stainless Steel after Long Term Heat Treatment

Fuertes, Nuria; Pettersson, Rachel

doi:10.1149/2.1101607jes

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Additionally, the interaction of nitrogen and molybdenum promoted the deprotonation of Cr-hydroxide by inducing O–H bond stretching, which also promoted the enrichment of Cr 2 O 3 [ 33 , 43 ]. On the other hand, compared with Cr(OH) 3 , Cr 2 O 3 had higher thermodynamic stability [ 44 ] and lower point defect concentration [ 45 ], thus enhancing the stability of passive film and hindering pit initiation [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Martensitic High Nitrogen Stainless Steel 30Cr15Mo1N at Different Austenitizing Temperatures

Jiang

Feng

et al. 2017

Materials

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The relationship between microstructure and corrosion behavior of martensitic high nitrogen stainless steel 30Cr15Mo1N at different austenitizing temperatures was investigated by microscopy observation, electrochemical measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and immersion testing. The results indicated that finer Cr-rich M2N dispersed more homogeneously than coarse M23C6, and the fractions of M23C6 and M2N both decreased with increasing austenitizing temperature. The Cr-depleted zone around M23C6 was wider and its minimum Cr concentration was lower than M2N. The metastable pits initiated preferentially around coarse M23C6 which induced severer Cr-depletion, and the pit growth followed the power law. The increasing of austenitizing temperature induced fewer metastable pit initiation sites, more uniform element distribution and higher contents of Cr, Mo and N in the matrix. In addition, the passive film thickened and Cr2O3, Cr3+ and CrN enriched with increasing austenitizing temperature, which enhanced the stability of the passive film and repassivation ability of pits. Therefore, as austenitizing temperature increased, the metastable and stable pitting potentials increased and pit growth rate decreased, revealing less susceptible metastable pit initiation, larger repassivation tendency and higher corrosion resistance. The determining factor of pitting potentials could be divided into three stages: dissolution of M23C6 (below 1000 °C), dissolution of M2N (from 1000 to 1050 °C) and existence of a few undissolved precipitates and non-metallic inclusions (above 1050 °C).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Martensitic High Nitrogen Stainless Steel 30Cr15Mo1N at Different Austenitizing Temperatures

Jiang

Feng

et al. 2017

Materials

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“…Copper exists in duplex stainless steels in the form of the solid solution state or epsilon-Cu, the latter of which exists when the sample is aged at 700-800 °C [57,58] . The addition of copper in the solid solution state has few beneficial or even negative effects [59] . Although copper is more stable than iron, the corrosion product of copper dissolves into complex ions containing Cu [57] , which have not been fully understood until now.…”

Section: Copper Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism has been verified for molybdenum in the solid solution state [49] . In the ineffective mechanism [Figure 6B] [49,59] , the element does not stabilize or deteriorate the passive film. When pitting corrosion propagates, this kind of element is also corroded.…”

Section: Other Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on pitting corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking on duplex stainless steel

Liu¹,

Du²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Microstructures

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Duplex stainless steel is widely used in the petrochemical, maritime, and food industries. However, duplex stainless steel has the problem of corrosion failures during use. This topic has not been comprehensively and academically reviewed. These factors motivate the authors to review the developments in the corrosion research of duplex stainless steel. The review found that the primary reasons for the failure of duplex stainless steels are pitting corrosion and chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. After being submerged in water, the evolution of the passive film on the duplex stainless steel can be loosely classified into three stages: nucleation, rapid growth, and stable growth stages. Instead of dramatic rupture, the passive film rupture process is a continuous metal oxidation process. Environmental factors scarcely affect the double-layer structure of the passive film, but they affect the film's overall thickness, oxide ratio, and defect concentration. The six mechanisms of alloying elements on pitting corrosion are summarized as stabilization, ineffective, soluble precipitates, soluble inclusions, insoluble inclusions, and wrapping mechanisms. In environments containing chlorides, ferrite undergoes pitting corrosion more easily than austenite. However, the pitting corrosion resistance reverses when sufficiently large deformation is used. The mechanisms of pitting corrosion induced by precipitates include the Cr-depletion, microgalvanic, and high-stress field theories. Chloride-induced cracks always initiate in the corrosion pits and blunt when encountering austenite. Phase boundaries are both strong hydrogen traps and rapid hydrogen diffusion pathways during hydrogen-induced stress cracking.

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Effect of cold rolling on microstructure, corrosion and electrochemical response of the lean duplex stainless steel LDX 2101® by a correlative EBSD–SKPFM investigation

Fuertes

Pettersson

2020

Materials & Corrosion

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This study elucidates the effect of cold rolling on the microstructure, corrosion and electrochemical response of the lean duplex stainless steel LDX 2101®. With thickness reductions of 0%, 20% and 40%, three different specimens are investigated in terms of microstructure (electron backscattered diffraction [EBSD] and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy [EDS]), corrosion properties (ASTM G150, ASTM G61 and field testing), passive film properties (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and electrochemical response (scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy [SKPFM]). It is shown that deformation of LDX 2101 leads to changes in the microstructure such as mechanical twinning and martensite formation. The combination of EBSD, EDS and SKPFM maps shows that the work function is clearly dependent on composition, deformation and local misorientation, but not on the crystallographic orientation of the grains in the microstructure. Zones with low work function are seen to have the highest pitting susceptibility, which includes deformed ferritic, martensitic phase and areas with a high concentration of dislocations such as grain boundaries and mechanical twins. The overall conclusion is that cold deformation up to a 40% thickness reduction has a significant influence on the microstructure, but a small impact on the corrosion resistance of LDX 2101.

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Review—Passive Film Properties and Electrochemical Response of Different Phases in a Cu-Alloyed Stainless Steel after Long Term Heat Treatment

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Relationship between Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Martensitic High Nitrogen Stainless Steel 30Cr15Mo1N at Different Austenitizing Temperatures

Relationship between Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Martensitic High Nitrogen Stainless Steel 30Cr15Mo1N at Different Austenitizing Temperatures

A review on pitting corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking on duplex stainless steel

Effect of cold rolling on microstructure, corrosion and electrochemical response of the lean duplex stainless steel LDX 2101® by a correlative EBSD–SKPFM investigation

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