Review papers : The statistical basis of meta-analysis

Jl, Fleiss

doi:10.1177/096228029300200202

Cited by 1,130 publications

(760 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This was obtained by the calculation of the Z corresponding to each of these p levels (corresponding to the unpaired t-test performed on the data) and use these Z to compute a new Z corresponding to the p value of the combined effect size (for further details see Rosenthal, 1991). As we assumed variability to be due to both sampling error and random differences across studies, to combine study-to-study variations data were fitted to a random effects model as described by Fleiss (Fleiss, 1993), which provides more conservative estimates than a fixed effects model. Random effects are also more appropriate when heterogeneity is present in the results (Normand, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Cornil

Taziaux

Baillien

et al. 2006

Hormones and Behavior

102

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Non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. Male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (POA). Brain aromatase activity (AA) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. Here, acute effects of Vorozole ™ , an aromatase inhibitor, injected IP at different doses and times before testing (between 15 and 60 min), were assessed on male sexual behavior in quail. To limit the risk of committing both types of statistical errors (I and II), data of all experiments were entered into a meta-analysis. Vorozole ™ significantly inhibited mount attempts (p<0.05, size effect [g]=0.527) and increased the latency to first copulation (p<0.05, g=0.251). The treatment had no effect on the other measures of copulatory behavior. Vorozole ™ also inhibited appetitive sexual behavior measured by the social proximity response (p<0.05, g=0.534) or rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (p<0.001, g=0.408). Behavioral inhibitions always reached a maximum at 30 min. Another aromatase inhibitor, androstatrienedione, induced a similar rapid inhibition of sphincter movements. Radioenzyme assays demonstrated that within 30 min Vorozole ™ had reached the POA and completely blocked AA measured in homogenates. When added to the extracellular milieu, Vorozole ™ also blocked within 5 min the AA in POA explants maintained in vitro. Together, these data demonstrate that aromatase inhibition rapidly decreases both consummatory and appetitive aspects of male sexual behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Cornil

Taziaux

Baillien

et al. 2006

Hormones and Behavior

102

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“…A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the overall association of asymptomatic previously undiagnosed diabetes with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality using a fixed effect approach according to known methods [25]. A fixed rather than a random effects approach was chosen because the statistic Q for measuring study-to-study variation in effect size was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality related to hyperglycaemia and newly-diagnosed diabetes

Hu¹

2003

Diabetologia

155

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Aim/hypothesis. Diabetic women generally have a greater relative risk of cardiovascular diseases than diabetic men in comparison with non-diabetic women and men. Reasons for this excess risk in diabetic women is still unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the association between different degrees of hyperglycaemia and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is different in women and men. Methods. We analysed baseline glucose concentrations from 14 prospective European cohorts including 8172 men and 9407 women aged 30 to 89 years without history of diabetes, with a median follow-up of 8.3 years. Hazards ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were estimated adjusting for other risk factors.Results. The mortality rates for all-cause and cardiovascular diseases were higher in men than in women in normoglycaemia, impaired glucose regulation and newly-diagnosed diabetes; the largest sex differential for cardiovascular mortality was in normoglycaemic people. The hazards ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were higher in newly-diagnosed diabetic women than men compared with normoglycaemic women and men, respectively; however, this sex difference was only significant for cardiovascular mortality. For smokers and for subjects with hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or who where overweight, the hazards ratios for cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients compared with normoglycaemic people were also higher in women than in men. Conclusions/interpretation. Newly diagnosed diabetic women showed higher relative risks for death from cardiovascular disease than diabetic men. Thus a more aggressive control of hyperglycaemia as well as of other cardiovascular risk factors might be appropriate in women with asymptomatic hyperglycaemia. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:608-617] Keywords Sex difference, mortality, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycaemia, impaired glucose regulation. Members of the DECODE Group are listed at the end of the paper Diabetologia (2003) 46:608-617 DOI 10.1007/s00125-003-1096 Articles Gender difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality related to hyperglycaemia and newly-diagnosed diabetesThe DECODE Study Group

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“…The meta-analysis was performed according to the procedures described by Mosteller and Chalmers, Glass et al and Fleiss [6,7,19]. To calculate simple proportions p(i) for each study, the number of patients with a certain surgical procedure and the number of patients with satisfactory results in the (i)th study were divided by the total number of patients n(i) in that study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of surgical procedures for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A meta-analysis of the literature from 1975 to 1995

1997

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Therapy for spinal stenosis remains difficult. The possibilities for conservative management are limited and not satisfactory in the more severe cases. Various surgical procedures are possible, such as decompression, decompression and fusion without instrumentation and decompression and fusion with instrumentation. The aim of our metaanalysis was to compare the postoperative results of these three surgical techniques in the literature and, thus, to establish a treatment of choice for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Via Medline, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria for our study, leading to a total number of 1668 cases being included in the meta-analysis. The evaluation was made according to our own definition of outcomes, based on criteria most commonly used in the studies reviewed. We found that in patients suffering degenerative spinal stenosis for up to 8 years, decompression without fusion showed the best results. For a duration of symptoms of 15 years or more, decompression with instrumented fusion had the best results. Analysing all postoperative outcomes, decompression is the surgical procedure with the highest rate of success and the fewest complications, followed by decompression with instrumented fusion. In surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, decompression and fusion without instrumentation was the least successful procedure. As patients suffering from a degenerative spinal stenosis often are elderly, operations are risky and place a strain on them. This review of the literature shows that the least invasive surgical procedure can obtain the best results if the correct diagnosis is made and if the operation is carried out within the first years of the disease.

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Review papers : The statistical basis of meta-analysis

Cited by 1,130 publications

References 34 publications

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail

Gender difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality related to hyperglycaemia and newly-diagnosed diabetes

Comparison of surgical procedures for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A meta-analysis of the literature from 1975 to 1995

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