Review on Wood Deformation and Cracking during Moisture Loss

Abstract

Wood, being a natural hygroscopic material, the interaction between wood and moisture plays a crucial role in wood processing and utilization. Moisture affects the physical and mechanical properties of wood, and is also one of the main external factors that cause wood deformation and cracking. Drying shrinkage is a common phenomenon during the processing and utilization of wood induced by moisture loss. Drying stress is the main cause of wood deformation and cracking. The shrinkage differential between tangential and radial direction and moisture content gradient of wood are two reasons induced the generation of drying stresses. In this review, the existing states of moisture in wood and the interaction between water molecules and wood components were systematically summarized. The current research progress and deficiencies in three aspects including the factors resulted in deformation and cracking in wood caused by moisture loss, the correlation between wood mechanical properties and moisture, as well as the development of deformation and cracking in wood under moisture loss were discussed. This review aims to facilitate further research on the deformation and cracking of wood under moisture loss by providing valuable insights and assistance, ultimately reducing the occurrence of wood deformation and cracking. And thus, it will enhance the overall utilization of wood resources, making wood better serve human life.

Performance of laminated veneer lumber panels from fast-growing species with different layering arrangements

“…The MOR reductions observed in the CPPPPPC, CPPCPPC, CPCPCPC, CCPPPCC, CCPCPCC, CDDDDDC, CDDCDDC, CDCDCDC, CCDDDCC, CCDCDCC, CCCCCCC, PPPPPPP, and DDDDDDD samples after exposure to cyclic boiling and dry conditions were 8%, 4%, 9%, 18%, 47%, 20%, 32%, 14%, 35%, 39%, 54%, 8%, and 25%, respectively. These findings are consistent with previous studies (Kallakas et al 2020;Murata et al 2021;Fu et al 2023).…”

“…Wong et al (1996) showed that soaking LVL samples in boiling water for 5 h followed by a 1-h cold water soak and drying at 60 ± 3°C for 24 h resulted in less than 4% delamination. The deformation and swelling of wood composites after exposure to humid conditions can be greatly influenced by the densities of the laminated veneers and the standard values of physical and mechanical properties can be achieved through layer arrangements during the production of laminated wood composites (Chiniforush et al 2019;Fu et al 2023;Pang and Jeong 2020).…”

Analisis Pengendalian Mutu Produk Stik Dupa Menggunakan Statistical Quality Control (Sqc) Di Pt Xy Kabupaten Mempawah

“…Nilai kadar air ini masih tergolong dalam kadar air kering udara (10-18%) (Widiati et al 2022). Fu et al (2023) Upaya pengendalian kualitas terhadap produk stik dupa yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan masih belum optimal. Penggunaan P-chart sebagai bagian dari SQC dapat membuktikannya yaitu dengan adanya jumlah cacat yang dihasilkan melewati batas kendali atas (UCL) dan batas kendali bawah (LCL) yaitu pada titik 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22 dan 24. sedangkan 8 hari data kegiatan produksi berada di dalam batas kendali yaitu pada data hari ke 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 17, 20, dan 23. Penggunaan diagram fish bone dapat mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur penyebab terjadinya cacat pada stik dupa.…”

Crack formation in natural and pressure-modified silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood: the effect of the internal friction index under the influence of external disturbances

“…Древесина и композитные материалы на ее основе способны поглощать влагу из окружающей среды. При длительном воздействии влаги материал разбухает и сжимается, что приводит к образованию трещин [6][7][8]. Древесина и композиты на ее основе могут подвергаться механическим нагрузкам, таким как удары, сжатие, растяжение [9].…”