Review on various types of battery thermal management systems

Lakhotia, Varun Kumar; Senthil Kumar, Rajendran

doi:10.1007/s10973-023-12561-y

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…A key component of the cooling technology is the cold plate, which is responsible for removing the heat generated on the battery surface . The cold plate needs to have characteristics such as high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and high thermal conductivity . Currently, common cold plate materials include aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and composite materials.…”

Section: Refrigerant Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 The cold plate needs to have characteristics such as high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and high thermal conductivity. 26 Currently, common cold plate materials include aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and composite materials. Among them, aluminum is often used as cold plate material due to its high thermal conductivity and suitable cost.…”

Section: Refrigerant Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the first-generation cooling method, air cooling demonstrates significant structural advantages. 26 However, with advancement in battery energy density, stricter temperature control requirements for batteries have emerged. Liquid cooling remains the mainstream method for heat dissipation to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Refrigerant Cooling in a Battery Thermal Management System under High Temperature Conditions: A Review

Kang,

Hu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Battery thermal management (BTM) is crucial for the lifespan and safety of batteries. Refrigerant cooling is a novel cooling technique that is being used gradually. As the core fluid of refrigerant cooling, refrigerants need to possess excellent properties while meeting environmental requirements. This paper elucidates the current state of refrigerants (single refrigerants and mixed refrigerants), synchronously summarizing them from the perspectives of refrigerant properties and refrigerant cooling (immersion and cold plate indirect). It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of single and mixed refrigerants as well as the research and development in the vehicle thermal management system (TMS). The choice of refrigerant directly affects cooling performance, and research on vehicle air conditioning (AC) systems can indirectly guide the BTM. R1234yf and R152a can directly replace R134a, while although R744 has a strong heating capacity, it cannot directly replace R134a. Specific mixed refrigerants reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and flammability issues, thereby improving system efficiency. Additionally, immersion cooling controls the temperature through container pressure. Coordinated control strategies are crucial for indirect cold plate cooling, offering broad prospects for optimizing the cold plate design and intelligent control. The selection of refrigerant and the optimal design of the cooling method greatly improve the thermal performance of the battery. This may promote the good development of BTM.

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Section: Refrigerant Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Refrigerant Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Refrigerant Cooling in a Battery Thermal Management System under High Temperature Conditions: A Review

Kang,

Hu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Talele, et al [45] provided a thorough overview of research on Li-ion battery BTMS using heat pipes, liquid cooling, and a PCM, both in active and passive systems. To our knowledge, Lakhotia and Kumar [46] have quite recently come out with one of the most complete classifications of BTMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Wang,

Leong

2024

Energies

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The significant amount of heat generated during the discharge process of a lithium-ion battery can lead to battery overheat, potential damage, and even fire hazards. The optimal operating temperature of a battery ranges from 25 °C to 45 °C. Hence, battery thermal management cooling techniques are crucial for controlling battery temperature. In this work, the cooling of 21700 lithium-ion batteries during their discharging processes using phase-change materials (PCMs) and porous pure copper foams were simulated. The effects of discharge intensities, battery orientations, and battery arrangements were investigated by observing the changes in temperature distributions. Based on current simulations for a 2C discharge, air-cooled vertical batteries arranged in unidirectional configuration exhibit an increase in heat dissipation by 44% in comparison to the horizontal batteries. This leads to a decrease in the maximum battery temperature by about 10 °C. The use of either PCMs or copper foams can effectively cool the batteries. Regardless of the battery orientation, the maximum battery temperature during a 2C discharge drops dramatically from approximately 90 °C when air-cooled to roughly 40 °C when the air is replaced by PCM cooling or when inserted with a copper foam of 0.9 porosity. If the PCM/copper foam approach is implemented, this maximum temperature further decreases to slightly above 30 °C. Although not very significant, it has been discovered that crossover arrangement slightly reduces the maximum temperature by no more than 1 °C. When a pure copper foam with a porosity ranging from 0.90 to 0.97 is saturated with a PCM, the excellent thermal conductivity of pure copper, combined with the PCM latent heat absorption, can best help maintain the battery pack within its range of optimal operating temperatures. If the porosity of the copper foam decreases from 0.95 to 0.5, the volumetric average temperature of the batteries may increase from 30 °C to 31 °C.

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