Review on Various Antibiotic Contamination in Natural Sources: Effects on Environment Including Animals and Humans

Abstract

Antibiotics have been used as medicine to inhibit a large array of infections in humans, in animals and plants for nearly 100 years. Nonstop use and misapplication of antibiotics have triggered antibiotic contamination worldwide. Antibiotic contamination poses risks to microbial communities, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. If growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria occurs, then it may increase multidrug-resistant bacterial infections for the coming days, thus posing a terrific impact on human health, as well as on the ecosystem of the environment. So, proper management and awareness are crucial to mitigate the environmental impacts. In this review, the knowledge about the sources and existence of antibiotics, its side effects, contamination sources, prevention and control of antibiotics to reduce antibiotic contamination has been discussed in detail.