Review on V2X, I2X, and P2X Communications and Their Applications: A Comprehensive Analysis over Time

Abstract

Smart cities are ecosystems where novel ideas and emerging technologies meet to improve economy, environment, governance, living, and mobility. One of the pillars of smart cities is transport, with the improvement of mobility and the reduction of traffic accidents being some of the current key challenges. With this purpose, this manuscript reviews the state-of-the-art of communications and applications in which different actors of the road are involved. Thus, the objectives of this survey are intended to determine who, when, and about what is being researched around smart cities. Particularly, the goal is to situate the focus of scientific and industrial progress on V2X, I2X, and P2X communication to establish a taxonomy that reduces ambiguous acronyms around the communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and pedestrians, as well as to determine what the trends and future technologies are that will lead to more powerful applications. To this end, this literature review article presents a comprehensive study including a representative collection of the 100 most cited papers and patents published in the literature together with a statistical bibliometric analysis of 14,364 keywords over 3422 contributions between 1997 and 2018. As a result, this work provides a technological profile considering different dimensions along the paper, such as the type of communication, use case, country, organization, terminology, and year.

A Survey of 5G Technology Evolution, Standards, and Infrastructure Associated With Vehicle-to-Everything Communications by Internet of Vehicles

“…The application layer of IoV provides various types of opened and closed services, while the opened ones share information to support the business operating model, the closed one is related to the specific industry applications, such as intelligent traffic command and control platform [18], as shown in the Figure 8. To better understand the IoV function on V2X, besides the V2I interaction representation, the vehicle to the Road Side Units (RSU) or better V2R and the Vehicle-to-Sensor (V2S) shall be represented when the 5G Wireless Access Technology (WAT) be incorporated into the vehicles [23]. For while, VANET still enhances safety and efficiency of the traffic, using real-time communication between the advanced WAT, with or without the RSU help, because it can be divided into three ranges (long, medium and short) with modes such as Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), Wi-Fi, ad-hoc, or hybrid mode which associate cellular to ad-hoc.…”

Impact of Leadership and Mobility on Consensus-Building in Sensor Networks

“…V2V and V2X communications help disseminate information about accidents, congestion, and potential obstacles. V2V and V2X communications and its application are extensively analyzed in References [6,7].…”

Task Offloading Based on Lyapunov Optimization for MEC-Assisted Vehicular Platooning Networks

“…Figure 1 depicts the task offloading scenario in this paper, where vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is adopted between vehicles, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is adopted between vehicle and base station (BS) [25,26]. A cellular network can provide sufficiently stable/reliable wireless communication for V2V and V2I communication.…”