Review on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, L.) Improvement Programmes in Ghana

Melomey, Leander Dede; Danquah, Agyemang; Offei, Samuel Kwame; Ofori, Kwadwo; Danquah, Eric; Osei, Michael Kwabena

doi:10.5772/intechopen.75843

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, such methods do not wipe out soilborne pathogens, but only reduce their pressure for a time in the first soil layers. Improving plant resistance is believed to be the most suitable way of dealing with soil-borne diseases and has been considered in vegetable breeding programs for decades (Fufa et al, 2009;Melomey et al, 2019). Breeding efforts are hampered by the genetic diversity of soil-borne pathogens and the challenge of combining various agronomic traits, such as high yield, quality, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, in the same genotype.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impacts of Temperature and Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting Success Rates

Nordey¹,

Shem²,

Huat³

2020

horts

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Numerous studies have highlighted the merits of grafting to improve the performance of vegetable crops. However, the technique is hindered by several obstacles, including the synchronization of seedlings used as scions and rootstocks, and the effects of rootstocks and climatic conditions on grafting success rates. This study sought to gain insights into how such technical obstacles affect tomato grafting. An initial experiment conducted in a greenhouse set out to assess the relevance of using degree-days to predict the growth rates of seedlings used for grafting (i.e., stem diameters above cotyledons). The success rate for grafting a tomato variety (Tanya) on 10 different rootstocks from different species—namely tomato, eggplant, african eggplant, and a wild species—was assessed at different temperatures (i.e., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C). The effects of grafting on plant vigor (i.e., fresh biomass), number of leaves, and plant height, and on the hydraulic conductivity of xylem vessels in the plant stem were assessed 2 weeks after grafting. The results show the advantage of using degree-days to predict the ready-to-graft stage of seedlings, as it reduced the discrepancy among trials. The grafting success rate was more than 90% at 15 and 20 °C, but decreased significantly with higher temperatures, down to 20% at 40 °C. Larger variations in growth rate for seedlings used as scions and rootstocks, a lower grafting success rate, and less vigor were recorded for heterografted plants than for homografted plants. The lower hydraulic conductivity measured in the stems of grafted plants, especially heterografted plants, was consistent with the lower plant vigor observed. Further studies are needed to investigate how grafting affects the hydraulic conductivity of xylem vessels in later developmental stages of grafted plants.

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confidence: 99%

Impacts of Temperature and Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting Success Rates

Nordey¹,

Shem²,

Huat³

2020

horts

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“…Hybrid varieties were most cultivated. Many studies outlined constraints and tomato improvement programmes which mainly focused on germplasm collection, morphological and agronomic characterization, molecular evaluation, diversity study, as well as screening germplasm against biotic and abiotic stresses (Melomey et al, 2019). F1 hybrid seed production allowed the exploitation of heterosis and facilitated the combination of resistance and other useful genes in a uniform outperforming variety (Natalini et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

Int. J. Adv. Agric. Res.

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To assess the phytosanitary practices of tomato producers in the West Region of Cameroon, a survey was carried out with 90 producers from 3 sub-divisions, Nde, Noun and Menoua. The survey aimed to evaluate the impacts of education level, phytosanitary practices, the chemicals used and their management on tomato yield and on the environment. The results showed that 98% of tomato growers are male, aged 30-40 years old. More than 50% producers reached the high school and 71% did not receive any training in pesticides use and handling. F1 hybrids (63%) are the main varieties cultivated. The main tomato diseases recorded were caused by fungi (42%), insects (39%) and nematodes (13%). Plants are destroyed by these agents at different growth stages: leaves (35%), fruits (29%) and stems (26%) are the most affected. The producers commonly use chemical pesticides, to control pest and diseases. Dithiocarbamates (47%) and Chloronitrile (18%) are the main fungicide families used while Avermectins (45%) and Pyréthrinoids (32%) are the main insecticide. The producers estimated that the protective effectiveness range from 25 to 100%. To optimize the effectiveness of the pesticides, they are applied several times, alternated and mixed with different active ingredients. The majority of these producers (95%) does not use the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) and throw the packaging wastes at the treatment sites thereby causing environmental hazards. Based on our findings, the phytosanitary practices of tomato producers in the West region of Cameroon are worrying and potentially harmful for both human health and the environment. Urgent measures need to be taken to raise awareness on pesticides use and handling to tomato producers, not only to reduce their incidence on the environment and soil ecosystem, but also to increase tomato yield.

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“…Future investigations will more precisely investigate the organoleptic characteristics and will be the subject of future investigations. After yield, disease resistance and quality are the main focuses of tomato breeders throughout the world since they are of worldwide importance (Melomey et al 2019). Among tospoviruses, TSWV is one of the deadliest viruses, with a host range of more than 1000 plant species belonging to more than 85 families, including tomato, bean, lettuce, groundnut, pepper, potato and tobacco, among others (Gupta et al 2018, Parrella et al 2003.…”

Section: Morphological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramiding disease resistance in tomato by duplex PCR targeting resistance genes and exploiting gene linkage

Parrella

Troiano

2022

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop in the world after potato. Its production is hindered by fungal and viral diseases. Control of these diseases requires a significant investment that represents up to 40% of the production costs. Marker-assisted gene pyramiding is a powerful breeding tool which allow the rapid constitution of breeding lines with broad spectrum of resistance against diseases. Nevertheless, the accuracy and rapidity of introgression of genes of interest are some of the most critical barriers to successful application. In this paper, we use a simple and rapid method that combines duplex PCR for two important virus resistance genes (i.e., Sw-5 and Tm-2 2 ) and uses the linkage between genes Tm-2 2 and Forl to speed the introgression of these resistance genes into a "Pomodoro di Sorrento" tomato line. The method was used through six generations of backcrossing followed by three generations of selfing and resulted in a homozygous resistant line.

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Review on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, L.) Improvement Programmes in Ghana

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Impacts of Temperature and Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting Success Rates

Impacts of Temperature and Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting Success Rates

Untitled

Pyramiding disease resistance in tomato by duplex PCR targeting resistance genes and exploiting gene linkage

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