Review on the Use of Heavy Metal Deposits from Water Treatment Waste towards Catalytic Chemical Syntheses

Abstract

The toxicity and persistence of heavy metals has become a serious problem for humans. These heavy metals accumulate mainly in wastewater from various industries’ discharged effluents. The recent trends in research are now focused not only on the removal efficiency of toxic metal particles, but also on their effective reuse as catalysts. This review discusses the types of heavy metals obtained from wastewater and their recovery through commonly practiced physico-chemical pathways. In addition, it covers the advantages of the new system for capturing heavy metals from wastewater, as compared to older conventional technologies. The discussion also includes the various structural aspects of trapping systems and their hypothesized mechanistic approaches to immobilization and further rejuvenation of catalysts. Finally, it concludes with the challenges and future prospects of this research to help protect the ecosystem.

pH-Responsive Gelation in Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers Based on the Protic Pyridinedicarboxamide Ligand

“…Therefore, synthetic hydrogels are extensively used in biotechnology-related applications like tissue engineering and drug delivery . To this end, imparting biomimetic functions like self-healing and stimuli-responsiveness is the key feature to developing novel polymeric hydrogels. − This is mainly accomplished by the introduction of reversible transient bonds within the microstructure of polymer chains, as the dynamics of their reversible dissociation can be tuned to meet the required stimuli-responsiveness and self-healing rates. − As such, correlating the microscopic characteristics of reversible bonds to the macroscopic properties of transient polymeric hydrogels is necessary for the customized development of hydrogels employed in specific bio-inspired applications. , …”

“…6−10 As such, correlating the microscopic characteristics of reversible bonds to the macroscopic properties of transient polymeric hydrogels is necessary for the customized development of hydrogels employed in specific bio-inspired applications. 11,12 One of the enduring goals in the development of biomimetic synthetic materials is self-healing. Many natural hydrogels are strong and elastic, but they can perfectly cure internal damages in a reasonable time.…”

Free-Radical Photopolymerization for Curing Products for Refinish Coatings Market

“…A resin is an oligomer, which is a chain formed by the union of monomer units, that will constitute the framework of the cured polymer network [ 55 , 64 ]. It cannot be considered a polymer because the latter is a macromolecule with a much larger number of monomer units [ 65 ], whereas these oligomers usually contain from 1 to 12 repetitive units [ 66 ]. They are usually formed through step-growth polymerization, a type of polymerization mechanism in which bifunctional or multifunctional monomers react to form first dimers, then trimers and, eventually, long-chain oligomers [ 67 ].…”

Active Physical Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage: Technologies Review and Perspectives

“…Electrochemical treatment is relatively costly in terms of capital and energy (Brewster et al, 2020). Electrocoagulation, electrofloatation, and electrodeposition are all examples of common electrochemical treatments (Das and Poater, 2021). Electrocoagulation is a process that generates coagulants in situ by electrically dissolving aluminum or iron ions from aluminum or iron electrodes (Shahedi et al, 2020).…”